On inhomogeneous Diophantine approximations with rational terms and applications to elliptic and trigonometric functions (Q1412402): Difference between revisions

Let \(\theta\) and \(\alpha\) be real irrational numbers and \(\alpha\) not of the form \(\alpha=m\theta+n\) for integers \(m\) and \(n\). By a famous theorem by Minkowski one derives that for every \(\delta\) there are at most finitely many integer solutions \(p\) and \(q\) such that \(| q\theta-p-\alpha| <(1/4-\delta)/| q| \). The main part of this paper is related to this inequality, where \(\alpha\) is rational. Let \(A\), \(S\) be coprime positive integers. If \(S>2\) is even, then a real irrational number \(\theta\) exists such that for every \(\delta>0\) the inequality \(| q\theta-p-A/S| <(1-\delta)(1-2/S)/(4| q| )\) has finitely many integer solutions \(p\) and \(q\). If \(S>1\) is odd, the factor \((1-2/S)\) is replaced by \((1-1/S)^2\). Using this result, the author proves the following. Let \(f\) be a real periodic function with period \(L\), which is analytic at 0. And for every real number \(\epsilon\) with \(0<\epsilon\leq L/4\) one has \(\sup\{| f(x)| : \epsilon\leq| x| \leq L/2\}<| f(0)| \). Then there is an even positive integer \(r\) satisfying \[ \inf_{\theta,\alpha}\limsup_{z\in\mathbb Z}| f(L\theta z-L\alpha)/f(0)| ^{z^r}=\exp(L^r f^{(r)}(0)/(r! 4^r f(0))), \] where \(\theta\) and \(\alpha\) run through all pairs of irrational numbers such that \(\alpha\neq m\theta+n\) for integers \(m\) and \(n\). Moreover, this identity also holds when \(\theta\) and \(\alpha\) run through all pairs of irrational \(\theta\) and rational \(\alpha\) if \(2\alpha\) is not integral. The author applies this theorem to Jacobi's elliptic functions sn\((u,k)\), cn\((u,k)\) and dn\((u,k)\), and to trigonometric functions \(\cos\) and \(\sin\).