On the tritronquée solutions of \(\mathrm{P}_{\mathrm{I}}^2\) (Q2351046): Difference between revisions

Consider the differential equation \(P_I^2\) \[ u_{xxxx} + 10 u_x^2 + 20 u u_{xx} + 40 (u^3 - 6 t u + 6 x) = 0\eqno{(1)} \] depending on the complex parameter \(t\). This equation is the second in the hierarchy of ODEs associated with the first Painlevé equation \(PI\). Earlier it was shown that there exists a regular solution \(U_0(x, t=0)\) to (1), which is real on the real line and has the following asymptotics \[ U_0(x, t=0) \simeq \pm |6 x|^{1/3},\;\;\; x \rightarrow \pm \infty. \] \textit{B. Dubrovin} [Commun. Math. Phys. 267, No. 1, 117--139 (2006; Zbl 1109.35070)] conjectured the existence of a solution \(U_0(x,t)\), pole free and regular on the real axis, for any \(t\in \mathbb R\). The existence of such a solution called tritronduée solution was later proved. In the article, applying the Riemann-Hilbert problem approach, a set of similar solutions to \(P_I^2\) is described. It is shown that a physically consistent solution \(U_0(x,t)\), which is real on the real axis, possesses an extension to the complex \(x\)-plane with uniform algebraic asymptotics in the union of two sectors: \[ U_0(x,t) \simeq- \root 3\of{6} x^{1/3}, \;\;\; x \rightarrow \infty, \] \[ \arg x \in \left[-\frac{3\pi}{7} - \frac{3}{7} \arctan \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}, \frac{3\pi}{7} + \frac{3}{7} \arctan \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right] \cup \] \[ \left[3 \pi - \frac{3}{7} \arctan \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}, 3 \pi + \frac{3}{7} \arctan \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}\right]. \]