On zeros and fixed points of differences of meromorphic functions (Q2427772): Difference between revisions
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English | On zeros and fixed points of differences of meromorphic functions |
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On zeros and fixed points of differences of meromorphic functions (English)
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28 May 2008
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This article is devoted to investigating zeros and fixed points of differences of entire and meromorphic functions in the complex plane, extending previous results due to Bergweiler and Langley [\textit{W. Bergweiler} and \textit{J. K. Langley}, Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 142, No. 1, 133--147 (2007; Zbl 1114.30028)]. Denoting, for a transcendental meromorphic function \(f\), \(\Delta f(z):=f(z+c)-f(z)\), \(\Delta^{n+1}f(z):=\Delta^{n}f(z+c)-\Delta^{n}f(z)\), the results obtained are treating differences and divided differences \(G(z):=\Delta f(z)/f(z)\), \(G_{n}(z):=\Delta^{n}(z)/f(z)\) of \(f\). The key results in this paper are as follows: (1) \(G_{n}(z)\) has infinitely many zeros and infinitely many fixed points, provided \(f\) is entire, \(c=1\) and \(\rho (f)<1/2\) and \(\rho (f)\neq j/n\), \(j=1,\ldots ,[n/2]\). (2) \(G(z)\) has infinitely many zeros and infinitely many fixed points, whenever \(f\) is entire with \(\rho (f)<1\), and either \(f\) has at most finitely many zeros whose difference is \(=c\) or \(\liminf_{j\rightarrow\infty}| z_{j+1}/z_{j}| =L>1\), where \(\{z_{j}\}\) is the zero-sequence of \(f\), arranged according to increasing moduli. (3) A similar result holds, if \(f\) is entire of order \(\rho (f)=1\) and with infinitely many zeros having the exponent of convergence \(\lambda (f)<1\). (4) As for the case of \(f\) meromorphic, a result similar to (2) follows by invoking corresponding conditions for the poles of \(f\) as well. (5) Given a positive, non-decreasing function \(\varphi :[1,\infty )\rightarrow [0,\infty)\) with \(\lim_{r\rightarrow\infty}\varphi (r)=\infty\), there exists \(f\) transcendental meromorphic such that \(\limsup_{r\rightarrow\infty}(T(r,f)/r)<\infty\), \(\limsup_{r\rightarrow\infty}(T(r,f)/\varphi (r)\log r)<\infty\) and that \(\Delta f(z)\) has one fixed point only. The proofs rely on standard properties of meromorphic functions, Wiman-Valiron theory and some Nevanlinna theory.
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complex difference
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zero
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fixed point
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