Heat flow and Hardy inequality in complete Riemannian manifolds with singular initial conditions (Q996262): Difference between revisions

Let \(M\) be a complete Riemannian manifold, and \(D\) an open subset of \(M\) with boundary \(\partial D\). Consider the heat equation \(\Delta u=\partial u/\partial t\) on functions \(u(x,t)\) with \((x,t)\in D\times(0,\infty)\), with initial condition \(u(x,0)=f(x)\) for \(x\in D\), and boundary condition \(u(x,t)=0\) for \(x\in\partial D\) and \(t>0\). It has a unique solution \(u_f\) for \(f\) in a large class of functions, and the integral \(Q_f(t)=\int_Du_f(x,t)\,dx\) is called the heat content. The asymptotic analysis of \(u_f\) and \(Q_f\) as \(t\to0\) and as \(t\to\infty\) has been studied very much. This paper deals with the case where \(f\) is a non-negative measurable function which is unbounded near \(\partial D\), and \(\partial D\) may not be smooth. Then conditions are given so that the heat content \(Q_f(t)\) can be finite for \(t>0\) even though \(f\not\in L^1(D)\). The main assumption is the strong Hardy inequality \[ \int_D| \nabla\omega| ^2\geq\int_D\frac{\omega^2}{h(\delta)}\;,\qquad\forall\omega\in C^\infty_c(D)\;, \] for some continuous increasing function \(h:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) with \(h(0)=0\), where \(\delta:\overline{D}\to[0,\infty)\) is the distance to \(\partial D\). The following estimates of the heat content are proved with this assumption. Suppose that \(D\) is of finite volume \(| D| \), and there is some \(p>1\) such that \[ c_{h,p}=\int_Df^{p/(p-1)}h(\delta)^{1/(p-1)}<\infty\;. \] Then \[ Q_f(t)\leq\left(\frac{p^2}{4(p-1)}\right)^{1/p}\,c_{h,p}^{(p-1)/p}\,(| D| -Q_1(t))^{1/p}\,t^{-1/p}\;, \] where \(Q_1(t)=\int_Du_1\) for the solution \(u_1\) with \(f\equiv1\). Now, suppose that there exists some \(p>1\) such that \[ \int_D(f\vee 1)^{p/(p-1)}\,h(\delta)^{1/(p-1)}<\infty\;. \] Then \[ Q_f(t)\leq a(p)\,c_{h,p}^{(p-1)/p}\,\left(\int_Dh(\delta)^{1/(p-1)}\right)^{1/p}\,t^{-1/(p-1)}\;, \] where \[ a(p)=4^{-1/p}\left(\frac{p}{p-1}\right)^{(2p-1)/(p(p-1))}\;. \] Finally, assume that \(M=\mathbb{R}^m\), and that \(D\) is bounded and connected with \(C^2\) boundary. Then, \[ \begin{alignedat}{2}2 Q_{\delta^{-\alpha}}(t) &= k(\alpha)\,\int_{\partial D}dy\,t^{(1-\alpha)/2}+O(t^{(3-2\alpha)/2}\vee 1) \qquad&&\text{as }t\to 0,\\ Q_{\delta^{-1}}(t) &= 2^{-1}\,\int_{\partial D}dy\,\log\frac{1}{t}+O(1) \qquad&&\text{if }1<\alpha<2,\\ \text{and} Q_{\delta^{-\alpha}}(t) &= \int_D\delta^{-\alpha}+k(\alpha)\,\int_{\partial D}dy\,t^{(1-\alpha)/2}+O(t^{1/2}) \qquad&&\text{if }0<\alpha<1,\\ \text{where} k(\alpha) &= \pi^{-1/2}\,2^{1-\alpha}\,\Gamma\left(1-\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)(\alpha-1)^{-1} \qquad&&\alpha\in(0,2)\setminus\{1\} \end{alignedat} \]