Baire category and extremely non-normal points of invariant sets of IFS's (Q977917): Difference between revisions

Let \(K\) be the invarant set associated with an Iterated Function System satisfying the Open Set Condition, and \(\Sigma^\mathbb{N}\) be the associated symbolic representation space. A point in \(K\) represented by the sequence \(u \in \Sigma^\mathbb{N}\) is called normal if every finite word \(w \in \Sigma^*\) occurs in \(u\) with frequency \(r_w^t\), where \(r_w\) is the Lipschitz constant of the contraction associated with \(w\) and \(t\) is the Hausdorff dimension of \(K\). The \(t\)-dimensional Hausdorff measure of the complement of the set of normal points is zero, i.e., almost all points in \(K\) are normal from a measure theoretical viewpoint. Extremely non-normal points are those where, for every \(k\), the probability vector given by the relative frequencies of all words in \(\Sigma^k\) in a starting block of \(u\) comes arbitrarily close to every vector in a certain simplex that contains all possible limit behaviors. For any integer \(N \geq 2\), the (extremely non-)normal points of the IFS given by the maps \(x \mapsto (x+i)/N\), \(i \in \{0,1,\ldots,N-1\}\), are the (extremely non-)normal numbers in base \(N\). Somewhat surprisingly, \textit{L. Olsen} [``Extremely non-normal numbers'', Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 137, No. 1, 43--53 (2004; Zbl 1128.11038)] showed that the set of extremely non-normal numbers in base \(N\) is residual (comeagre) in \([0,1]\), i.e., it is large from a topological viewpoint. In the present paper, this result is used to show that the same holds for a large class of IFS. More precisely, the set of extremely non-normal points is residual in \(K\) provided that the Strong Open Set Condition holds and that the contractions are open maps. This implies that the packing dimension of the set of extremely non-normal points is equal to that of \(K\).