Global attractors and steady state solutions for a class of reaction-diffusion systems (Q1268565): Difference between revisions

The author investigates the long time behaviour of reaction diffusion systems of the form \[ \partial_t u_i=A_i(t,x,D) u_i+f_i (t,x,u,Du_i), \quad 1\leq i\leq m, \tag{1} \] \[ B_i(x,D)u_i= v_i^0\text{ on }\partial \Omega,\quad t\geq 0, \] \[ u_i(0,x)= u^0_i(x),\;x\in\Omega, \] with \(\Omega\subseteq \mathbb{R}^N\) a smooth bounded domain and \(D\) the gradient. Here, the \(A_i\) are uniformly elliptic. The boundary operators \(B_i\) are of Dirichlet- or Robin-type, or a mixture of both. The nonlinearities \(f_i\) are subject to a rather involved technical condition which is satisfied if \[ \bigl| f_i(t,x,u,\zeta) \bigr |\leq c_1\cdot \sum^m_1| u_k|^\sigma+ c_2\cdot |\zeta |^\alpha +c_3,\;i\leq m \] for some \(\alpha\in [0,2)\), \(\sigma>0\) and positive functions \(c_j=c_j(t,x)\). After some preliminary steps the author proves a theorem which says that there is a \(p_0>0\) as follows. If for all initial conditions \(u_0,v_0\) the associated solution \(u(t,\cdot)\) of (1) satisfies \(\| u_i(t, \cdot) \|_{p_0}\leq C_{p_0} (u_0,v_0)\), \(t\in(0,\tau(u_0))\), \(i \leq m\) (with \(\|\cdot\|_p=\|\cdot \|_{L^p}\) and \((0,\tau (u_0))\) the maximal interval of existence) for some suitable \(C_{p_0} (u_0,v_0)\), then there are \(C_p(u_0, v_0)\), \(p\geq p_0\) with \(\| u_i(t,\cdot) \|_p\leq C_p(u_0,v_0)\), \(t\in (0, \tau (u_0))\), \(i\leq m\). If conversely we have for some \(K_{p_0}\) independent of the initial conditions \(\limsup \| u_i(t,\cdot) \|_{p_0}\leq K_{p_0}\), \(t \to\tau (u_0)\), \(i\leq m\), then there are \(K_p\), independent of the initial conditions, such that \(\limsup\| u_i(t,\cdot) \|_p\leq K_p\), \(t\to \tau (u_0)\) for \(p\geq p_0\), \(i\leq m\). The proof is by a rather sophisticated energy method, based on previous estimates. More can be said if the system (1) is semilinear. In this case, under similar assumptions global \(L^\infty\)-estimates are valid. These results have precursors, partly due to the author, partly to N. Alikakos and F. Rothe. The author then proves the existence of a global attractor, using standard arguments. In the last section, the author combines his results with work of \textit{H. Amann} [SIAM Rev. 18, 620-709 (1976; Zbl 0345.47044)] in order to prove the existence of nontrivial equilibrium solutions, if further restrictions on the nonlinearity are imposed.