Pseudo solutions, rotation sets, and shadowing rotations for monotone recurrence relations (Q2663100): Difference between revisions

The authors focus on rotation sets for monotone recurrence relations, whose solutions in some cases correspond to orbits of maps on the high-dimensional cylinder. They study more general monotone recurrence relations rotation sets for solutions with bounded action. Let \(k,l\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(\Delta:\mathbb{R}^{k+l+1}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be continuous. The authors take into account the solutions of the equation \[ \Delta(x_{n-k},\dots,x_n,\dots,x_{n+k})=0,\ \text{for} \ n\in \mathbb{Z}. \tag{1} \] Define the rotation interval of \(\textbf{x} =(x_n)\in\mathbb{R}^{n}\) by \[\rho(\textbf{x}) = [\lim\inf_{n\rightarrow \infty} x_n/n, \lim\sup_{n\rightarrow \infty} x_n/n]. \] It is proved that the rotation set \(\rho(\Delta)\) of the equation (1) is closed. Moreover, for each \(\rho\in \rho(\Delta)\), the authors prove there exists a Birkhoff solution of (1) with rotation number \(\rho\). Let \(\widetilde{S} = \{\textbf{x} | \textbf{x}\ \text{is a solution of (1) with bounded action}\}\) and \(S=\widetilde{S}/\langle\textbf{1}\rangle\), where \textbf{1} denotes the configuration with all components being one. If there exists \(\textbf{y}\in S\) such that \(\rho(\textbf{y})\) is not a single point, the shift map \(\sigma\) on \(S\) has positive topological entropy. Orbits shadowing different rotation numbers are constructed. Then, the authors define an \(\alpha\)-pseudo solution of the equation (1) and define its rotation interval as solutions of (1).