On the dynamics of WKB wave functions whose phase are weak KAM solutions of H-J equation (Q488008): Difference between revisions

Wigner measures are measures on phase space which are semiclassical limits, as Planck's constant \(\hbar\) tends to zero, of the Wigner transforms of solutions \(\psi_\hbar(t,x)\) of the Schrödinger equation. The (time-dependent) Wigner measures satisfy a first order Liouville transport equation in the direction of the Hamilton field of the Hamilton function \(H(x,\eta)=|\eta|^2/2+V(x)\) (see [\textit{P. L. Lions} and \textit{T. Paul}, Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 9, No. 3, 553--618 (1993; Zbl 0801.35117)]). The paper deals with the Wigner measures \(dw_t\) of the Schrödinger equation with a potential \(V\in C^\infty(\mathbb{T}^n)\) on the flat torus \(\mathbb{T}^n\). At time zero, the wave functions are given WKB type initial values, \(\psi_\hbar(0,x)=a_{\hbar,P}(x) e^{i S(P,x)/\hbar}\). The phases \(S(P,x)=P\cdot x+v(P,x)\) are weak KAM (viscosity) solutions (of positive or negative type) of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation \(H(x,\nabla_x S(P,x))=\bar H(P)\), where \(\bar H\) denotes the unperturbed Hamilton function. The (rotation) parameters \(P\) are positive multiples of elements in \(\mathbb{Z}^n\). The measures \(|a_{\hbar,P}(x)|^2dx\) are assumed, after passing to a subsequence, to converge in the weak\(*\) topology to measures \(dm_P(x)\), which are required to be absolutely continuous with respect to the push-forward \(d\sigma(x)\) of a Mather \(P\)-minimal measure, thereby relating to Aubry-Mather theory. The main results are the monokinetic structure of the Wigner measure, \[ dw_t(x,\eta)=\delta(\eta-\nabla_x S(P,x)) g(t,P,x)\,d\sigma_P(x) \] with a Radon-Nikodym density \(g\), and a propagation result which is a (one-sided) substitute for the transport equation known for \(C^\infty\) WKB solutions. The weak KAM phases \(S\) are, in general, not \(C^\infty\) but only Lipschitz continuous. Therefore, the ideas and methods of microlocal analysis do not apply directly. The authors employ the Weyl calculus of toroidal pseudodifferential operators of \textit{M. Ruzhansky} and \textit{V. Turunen} [J. Fourier Anal. Appl. 16, No. 6, 943--982 (2010; Zbl 1252.58013)].