Heisenberg categorification and Hilbert schemes (Q1759765): Difference between revisions

Let \(\Gamma \subset \mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})\) be a nontrivial finite subgroup and the surface \(S = \widehat{\mathbb{C}^2/\Gamma}\) be the minimal resolution of \(\mathbb{C}/\Gamma\). Associated to \(\Gamma\) is a Heisenberg algebra of affine type, \(\mathfrak{h}_\Gamma\), and the Hilbert schemes of points \(\mathrm{Hilb}^n(S)\). \textit{I. Grojnowski} [Math. Res. Lett. 3, No. 2, 275--291 (1996; Zbl 0879.17011)] and \textit{H. Nakajima} [Ann. Math. (2) 145, No. 2, 379--388 (1997; Zbl 0915.14001)] construct a representation of the Heisenberg algebra (actually a slightly different version from the one considered in this paper) on the cohomology of the Hilbert schemes. Algebraically, \textit{I. Frenkel}, \textit{N. Jing} and \textit{W. Wang} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2000, No. 4, 195--222 (2000; Zbl 1011.17020)] construct the basic representation of \(\mathfrak{h}_\Gamma\) on the Grothendieck group of the category of \(\mathbb{C}[\Gamma^n \rtimes S_n]\)-modules. In this paper, the authors define a 2-category \(\mathcal{H}_\Gamma\) and their first main result (3.4) states that \(\mathcal{H}_\Gamma\) categorifies the Heisenberg algebra \(\mathfrak{h}_\Gamma\). The second main result of the paper (4.4) is a categorical action of \(\mathcal{H}_\Gamma\) on a 2-category \(\bigoplus_{n\geq 0} D(A_n^\Gamma -\mathrm{gmod})\). Here \(D(A_n^\Gamma -\mathrm{gmod})\) denotes the bounded derived category of finite-dimensional, graded \(A_n^\Gamma\)-modules, where \[ A_n^\Gamma = [(\mathrm{Sym}^*((\mathbb{C}^2)^\vee) \rtimes \Gamma) \otimes \ldots \otimes (\mathrm{Sym}^*((\mathbb{C}^2)^\vee) \rtimes \Gamma) ] \rtimes S_n. \] As explained in Section 8, \(D(A_n^\Gamma -\mathrm{gmod})\) is known to be equivalent to \(D\mathrm{Coh}(\mathrm{Hilb}^n(S))\) and thus the second main theorem categorifies a representation similar to that of Grojnowski [Zbl 0879.17011] and Nakajima [Zbl 0915.14001]. In Section 9, another 2-representation of \(\mathcal{H}_\Gamma\) is introduced that is related to the first by Koszul duality. In section 9.6, it is shown that this 2-representation categorifies an action similar to that constructed by Frenkel, Jing and Wang [Zbl 1011.17020]. For the most part geometry appears only in Section 8. The main definitions are algebraic and a number of the proofs are based on graphical calculus. Section 10 contains a description of various connections to other categorical actions and some open problems. As the case \(\Gamma = \mathbb{Z}/2\) differs slightly, the necessary modifications are addressed separately in a short appendix.