Primes of the form \(x^2 + d y^2\) with \(x\equiv 0\pmod N\) or \(y\equiv 0\pmod N\) (Q2358435): Difference between revisions

In a recent article by \textit{S. Palimar} and \textit{B. R. Shankar} [J. Integer Seq. 15, No. 5, Article 12.5.6, 12 p. (2012; Zbl 1290.11141)] the representation of Mersenne primes by the quadratic form \(x^2 + 7y^2\) was discussed. In this article, the authors prove analogous results for generalized Mersenne primes. For example, let \(G_p = 2^p - (\frac{2}{p}) 2^{\frac{p+1}2} + 1\) be a prime number; if \(p \equiv \pm 1 \bmod 8\) (this condition is erroneously stated as \(p \equiv \pm 1 \bmod 3\) e.g. in Theorem 3.5.), then \(G = x^2 + 7y^2\), and \(y\) is divisible by \(8\). They obtain a similar result for primes of the form \(E_p = 3^p - (\frac{3}{p}) 3^{\frac{p+1}2} + 1\); if \(p \equiv 1 \bmod 3\) and \(M_p\) are prime, then \(M_p = x^2 + 3y^2\), and \(y\) is divisible by \(7\). The proofs use class field theory, in particular Artin's reciprocity law.