High energy asymptotics and trace formulas for the perturbed harmonic oscillator (Q818764): Difference between revisions

\textit{M. Hitrík} and \textit{I. Polterovich} [J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 68, 402--418 (2003; Zbl 1167.35335)] studied, for the Schrödinger operator \(-\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} + v(x)\) with a smooth bounded potential \(v(x)\), an asymptotic expansion in time \(t\) of its heat kernel on the diagonal to give explicit formulas for the coefficients \(a_j[v]\) of \(t^{j}, \, j=0, 1, 2, \dots\), called the \textit{local heat invariants}, which are polynomials in \(v\) and derivatives of \(v\). In the paper under review the authors consider a perturbed harmonic oscillator \(H = H_0 + q(x) = -\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}}+x^{2} +q(x)\) in \(L^{2}({\mathbb R}, dx)\) by a compactly supported potential \(q(x)\) to give an asymptotic expansion of the eigenvalue \(\lambda_n\) of \(H\) for \(n\rightarrow \infty\), whose coefficients are explicitly expressed in terms of the local heat invariants, and derive several interesting identities like the trace formulas for the difference \(e^{-tH}- e^{-tH_0}\) with involved regularization. The main result is: (i) The eigenvalue \(\lambda_n\) has an asymptotic expansion: \[ \lambda_n \sim \lambda^{0}_n +\sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \frac{c_j}{(\lambda^{0}_n)^{j/2}}\,, \quad n\rightarrow \infty, \] with real coefficients \(c_j\), where the eigenvalues of the harmonic oscillator \(H_0\) are denoted by \(\lambda^{0}_n =2n-1,\,\, n= 1,2, \dots \). (ii) Supposing that \(\lambda^{0}_n\) has the formal asymptotics \[ \lambda^{0}_n \sim \lambda_n +\sum_{j=1}^{\infty} \frac{b_j}{(\lambda_n)^{j-\frac12}}\,, \quad n\rightarrow \infty, \] with the coefficients \( b_j = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}\Gamma(\tfrac32 -j)}\int_{{\mathbb R}} (a_j[x^{2}+q(x)]- a_j[x^{2}])\,dx \) expressed in terms of the local heat invariants \(a_j[\cdot]\), then the coefficients \(c_j\) above can be calculated through inverting this formal expansion.