Evolutionary integral equations and applications (Q438681): Difference between revisions

The monograph is devoted to the study of abstract Volterra integral equations (IEs) of evolutionary type and their applications to problems of mathematical physics. The introduction contains the statement of the problems with motivating examples of applications separately on every sections of the three chapters: equations of scalar type; nonscalar equations; equations of the line. Then follows the section on notations and necessary background material scattered in the literature and having independent interest. In Chapter 1, the following Volterra equations \[ u(t)=f(t)+(a\ast A u)(t)=f(t) + \int_0^t a(t-s)Au(s)ds,\quad t\in J=[0,T], \tag{\(\ast\)} \] are considered. Here \(A\) is a closed linear unbounded operator in a complex Banach space \(X\), \(a \in L^{1}_{loc}(\mathbb{R}+)\) is a scalar kernel describing the evolution of the equation (\(\ast\)) in the time. In Section 1, the central for the theory of linear Volterra IEs concept of the resolvent is introduced and discussed. With its aid various formulae of parameters variation are derived. On the base of operatorial calculus in Hilbert spaces perturbation arguments and Laplace-transform method the analog of Hille-Yosida theorem of semigroup theory for Volterra equations (\(\ast\)) is proved. Note that when \(a(t)=1\) (resp. \(a(t)=t\)) the differentiation (double differentiation) of the equation generates a semigroup (the abstract second order problem generating a cosine family). Spectral theory usage yields conditions necessary for the existence of resolvents which are also sufficient in the case of a normal operator \(A\) in a Hilbert space. The theory of analytic resolvents having the analytic extension to a sector of the complex plane containing the positive real axis, as the analog of analytic semigroups for scalar type Volterra equations, with their complete characterization in terms of Laplace transforms is developed in Section 2. Here, the main result -- the general generation theorem -- in comparison with Section 1 requires much simpler to check conditions, that is illustrated on several examples. In Section 3, the parabolicity notion for scalar type Volterra IEs is introduced and determined. Properties of resolvents for such equations are discussed. The equivalence between well-posedness of (\(\ast\)) and the existence of the resolvent in established. The representation formula for the resolvent is derived for the case when \(A\) is the generator of \(C_{0}\)-semigroup. Section 4 is devoted to the subordination principle for Volterra equations and resolvents, which was absent for semigroups in the theory of evolutionary equations. This notion is based on Bernstein functions, completely positive kernels and completely monotone kernels. Section 5 contains the applications of Volterra equations to linear viscoelasticity, heat conduction in materials with memory, thermoviscoelasticity and some special problems leading to Volterra equations of scalar type. In Chapter 2, nonscalar Volterra IEs with operator-valued kernels are studied \[ u(t)=f(t)+\int_0^t A(t-\tau)u(\tau)d\tau, \quad A \in L^{1}_{loc} (\mathbb{R}_{+};\mathcal{B}(Y,X)),\tag{\(\ast\ast\)} \] \(X\) and \(Y\) are Banach spaces with embedding \(Y\hookrightarrow^{d}X\), \(f\in C(J,X)\). \(\mathcal{B}(Y,X)\) is a one-parameter family of unbounded operators. In Section 6, the notions of strong and mild solutions, weak and pseudo-resolvent are introduced, however, the variation of constants formula remains the same. Additional restrictions on operators and Banach spaces allow to introduce the notion of resolvents. Relations between well-posedness of (\(\ast\ast\)), resolvent existence and variation of parameter formula are discussed. The generation theorem for pseudo-resolvent and kernels of expotential growth is proved in Sections 6.4, 6.5. For Hilbert spaces and kernels of positive type some conditions are indicated for the existence of the resolvent. In the conclusion of Section 6, hyperbolic problems of variational type in Hilbert spaces are considered. In Section 7, the results on existence of analytic resolvents of Section 2 and on resolvents for parabolic problems of Section 3 together with results on maximal regularity of the type \(C^{\alpha}\) are extended to nonscalar parabolic equations. In Section 8, the scalar case \(A(t) = a(t) A\) in \(L^{p}\)-spaces is considered and possibilities of extention of obtained results to equations of nonscalar type are discussed. The last Section 9 of Chapter 2 is devoted to applications to viscoelastic and thermoviscoelastic problems (beams and plates) and to electrodynamics with memory. The third chapter of the monograph deals with equations on the line and their relations with results for the equation (\(\ast\ast\)), concerning to the input-output stability of the system and to its asymptotic behavior when time tends to infinity. Chapter 3 is divided in four sections: integrability of resolvents; limiting equations; admissibility of functions spaces; further applications. The general theory for the equation on the halfline \(v(t) = \int_0^{\infty} A(\tau)v(t-\tau)d\tau + g(t)\) is presented in Section 11 and 12. In Section 13, possible applications are considered: viscoelastic Timoshenko beam; heat conduction in materials with memory; elastodynamics with memory. Editorial remark: For a review of the 1993 original see [Zbl 0784.45006].