On convergents of certain values of hyperbolic functions formed from Diophantine equations (Q367029): Difference between revisions

The authors of the present paper discuss the approximation of certain values of hyperbolic functions by rational numbers, proving (in details or in sketch form) 8 theorems. The last of them is: Theorem 8. Let \(u\) and \(v\) be integers with \(u\geq v>0\). Let \[ \eta :=\frac{((u+v)\cosh\frac{2}{\sqrt{uv}}+(u-v))((u-v)\cosh\frac{2}{\sqrt{uv}}+(u+v))}{4uv\sinh^{2}\frac{2}{\sqrt{uv}}} \] and \[ h(t)=\frac{1}{4}(t^{2}-\frac{1}{t^{2}}). \] Then there are infinitely many triples \((x, y, z, w)\) of integers satisfying simultaneously \[ |y\eta-x|<C'\frac{\sqrt{y}\log \log y}{\log y}\,\, \text{ and}\,\, x^{2}+y^{2}=z^{4}-w^{2}. \] Conversely, for given positive integers \(x\), \(y(\geq3)\), \(z\) and \(w\) with \(x^{2}+y^{2}=z^{4}-w^{2}\), assuming that \(x=q^{4}-p^{4}, y=4p^{2}q^{2}, z=p^{2}+q^{2}\) and \(w=2pq(q^{2}-p^{2})\) (\(p\) and \(q\) are positive integers with \(p<q\) ), than we have the inequality \(|y\eta -x|>C''\frac{\sqrt{y}\log \log y}{\log y}\) (\(C'\) and \(C''\) positive constants).