The action of the affine diffeomorphisms on the relative homology group of certain exceptionally symmetric origamis (Q609745): Difference between revisions

In this article the authors describe the action of the affine group on the homology of certain square tiled translation surfaces constructed by Forni and Forni-Matheus. Let \(M\) denote a compact surface of genus \(g\geq 1\). A translation surface structure on \(M\) is a complex structure on \(M\) together with a nonzero 1-form \(\omega\) that is holomorphic with respect to the complex structure. The space \({\mathfrak T}(M)\) (respectively \({\mathfrak M}(M))\) is the space of orbits of the natural action of \(\text{Diff}^+_0(M)\) (respectively \(\text{Diff}^+(M))\) on the space of translation surface structures. \(SL(2,\mathbb R)\) acts naturally on \({\mathfrak M}(M)\) and \({\mathfrak T}(M)\), and the Teichmüller flow \(G_t\) on both spaces is the action of the 1-parameter group \(\{G_t= \text{diag}(e^t,e^{-t}) \}\). The Kontsevich-Zorich cocyle \(G_t^{KZ}\) is the quotient of the trivial cocyle \(G_t\times \text{Id}:{\mathfrak T}(M) \times H^1(M,\mathbb R)\rightarrow{\mathfrak T}(M) \times H^1(M,\mathbb R)\) by the action of the mapping class group. If \(A :{\mathfrak M}(M) \rightarrow \mathbb R\) is the area function, then the unit tangent bundle \({\mathfrak M}^{(1)}(M) = A^{-1}(M)\) is stratified into finitely many analytic pieces \({\mathfrak M}^{(1)}(M,\kappa)\) invariant under \(SL(2,\mathbb R)\) and in particular under \(\{G_t\}\). Each piece \({\mathfrak M}^{(1)}(M,\kappa)\) possesses a natural finite, \(\{G_t\}\)-invariant measure \(\mu^{(1)}_\kappa\) such that \(\{G_t\}\) is ergodic on each connected component of \({\mathfrak M}^{(1)}(M,\kappa)\) with respect to \(\mu^{(1)}_\kappa\). Kontsevich and Zorich conjectured, and it was later proved, that the Lyapunov exponents of \(\{G_t^{KZ}\}\) for a \(\mu^{(1)}_\kappa\)-generic point are all nonzero and have multiplicity 1. Forni and Forni-Matheus have constructed non-generic translation surfaces \((M_3,\omega_3)\) and \((M_4,\omega_4)\) of genus 3 and 4 whose \(\{G_t^{KZ}\}\) Lyapunov exponents are all zero. These examples are the center piece of the current article. Let \((M,\omega)\) be a translation surface, and let \(\Sigma\) be the finite set of zeros of \(\omega\). The affine group \(\text{Aff}(M,\omega)\) of \((M,\omega)\) is the group of orientation preserving homeomorphisms of M that preserve \(\Sigma\) and are given by affine maps in the charts defined by local primitives of \(\omega\). One obtains a natural homomorphism from \(\text{Aff}(M,\omega)\) into \(SL(2,\mathbb R)\) whose kernel is the automorphism group \(\Aut(M,\omega)\). The image of this homomorphism is a discrete subgroup of \(SL(2,\mathbb R)\) that is called the Veech group and denoted by \(SL(M,\omega)\). If \(SL(M,\omega)\) is a lattice in \(SL(2,\mathbb R)\), then \((M,\omega)\) is called a Veech surface. This happens if and only if the \(SL(2,\mathbb R)\) orbit of \((M,\omega)\) is closed in \({\mathfrak M}(M)\). For the Forni example \((M_3,\omega_3)\), the Veech group is \(SL(2,\mathbb Z)\) and the automorphism group is the 8-element quaternion group \(Q= \{\pm 1, \pm i, \pm j, \pm k\}\). For the Forni-Matheus example \((M_4, \omega_4)\), the Veech group is also \(SL(2,\mathbb Z)\) and the automorphism group is the cyclic group of order 3. A translation surface \((M,\omega)\) is called square tiled if the integral of \(\omega\) over any path joining two zeros of \(\omega\) lies in \(\mathbb Z+ i\mathbb Z\). The authors describe the action by the affine group on the homology of the square tiled Forni and Forni-Matheus examples \((M_3, \omega_3)\) and \((M_4, \omega_4)\). We omit a precise statement of this action which is rather complicated.