Some properties of invertible substitutions of rank \(d\), and higher dimensional substitutions. (Q1412398): Difference between revisions

Let \({\mathcal A}_d\) be an alphabet of \(d\) letters. Let \({\mathcal A}_d^*\) (respectively, \(F_d\)) be the free monoid (respectively, free group) generated by \({\mathcal A}_d\) with the empty word as unit. An endomorphism \(\sigma\) on \(F_d\), or a group homomorphism from \(F_d\) to itself, is called a `substitution' if \(\sigma(i)\) is a nonempty word of \({\mathcal A}_d^*\) for all \(i\in{\mathcal A}_d\). In this paper, with the use of the so-called `higher dimensional substitutions', the author answers for all \(d\geq 2\) the question: ``When is a substitution \(\sigma\) invertible as an endomorphism on \(F_d\)?''. An answer for \(d=2\) was given by \textit{H. Ei} and \textit{S. Ito} [Osaka J. Math. 35, No. 4, 821-834 (1998; Zbl 0924.20040)].