Lie ideals of graded associative algebras (Q1760374): Difference between revisions

In the paper under review the authors translate some results of quotients of Lie structures to the graded case. Let \(G\) be a group. A (general) algebra \(S\) over a ring of scalars \(\phi\) is \(G\)-graded if \(S=\bigoplus_{\sigma\in G} S_\sigma\), where \(S_\sigma\) is a submodule of \((S, +)\) and \(S_\sigma S_\tau \subset S_{\sigma\tau}\) for every \(\sigma,\tau\in G\). A Lie algebra is a \(\phi\)-module \(L\) together with a bilinear map \([ , ] : L \times L \to L\), denoted by \((x, y) \mapsto [x, y]\) and called the bracket of \(x\) and \(y\) such that the following axioms are satisfied: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] \([x, x] = 0\), \item [(ii)] \( [x, [y, z]] + [y, [z, x]] + [z, [x, y]] = 0\) (Jacobi identity), \end{itemize}} for every \(x, y, z\) in \(L\). Any associative ring \(R\), which can be seen as an associative algebra over \(Z\), gives rise to: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[{\(\bullet\)}] A Lie algebra \(R^{-}\) with Lie bracket \([x,y]:=xy-yx\), for all \(x, y \in R\). \item [{\(\bullet\)}] If \(R\) has an involution \(*\), \(K=Skew(R,*)\) can be seen as a subalgebra of the Lie algebra \(R^-\). \end{itemize}} Note that if \(R\) is a \(\phi\)-associative algebra graded by an abelian group \(G\), then \(R^-\) is a \(G\)-graded Lie algebra. Let \(L \subset Q\) be graded Lie algebras over the same abelian group \(G\). For any \(q \in Q\), \(_L(q)\) denoted the linear span in \(Q\) of \(q\) and the elements of the form \(\text{ad}_{x_1} \cdots \text{ad}_{x_n}(q)\), where \(n \in N\) and \(x_1, \dots , x_n \in L\) (if \(q \in L\), then \(_L(q)\) is just the ideal of \(L\) generated by \(q\)). \(Q\) is said to be graded ideally absorbed into \(L\) if for every nonzero homogeneous element \(q\) in \(Q\) there exists a graded ideal \(I\) of \(L\) with \(\text{Ann}_L(I) = 0\) such that \(0\neq [I, q] \in L\). Let \(L \subset Q\) be graded Lie algebras. \(Q\) is said to be a graded algebra of quotients of \(L\) if the following equivalent conditions are satisfied: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(i)] Given \(p\) and \(q\) homogeneous, with \(p \neq 0\), there exists a homogeneous element \(x\) in \(L\) such that \([x, p] \neq 0\) and \([x,\, _L(q)] \subset L\). \item [(ii)] \(Q\) is graded ideally absorbed into \(L\). \end{itemize}} There exists a maximal graded algebra of quotients for semiprime graded Lie algebras: \(Q^{\text{gr}}_F(L)\) of \(L\) with respect to \(F\), the filter of all essential graded ideals of \(L\), is built as the direct limit of graded derivations on ideals of \(F\), \[ Q^{\text{gr}}_F(L)=\lim_{\rightarrow} \text{Der}_{\text{gr}}(I, L),\quad I\in F, \] i.e., \(Q^{\text{gr}}_F(L)\) consists on equivalence classes of partial graded derivations \([d,I]\) for \(I\in{ F}\), where \([d_1,I_1]=[d_2,I_2]\) if \(d_1\) coincides with \(d_2\) on \(I\) of \(F\) such that \(I\subset I_1\cap I_2\). This Lie algebra \(Q^{\text{gr}}_F\) is maximal among all graded Lie algebras of quotients of \(L\) with respect to \(F\): for any nonzero homogeneous element \(s\) in a graded Lie algebra of quotients \(S\) of \(L\) with respect to \(F\) there exists \(I_s\in F\) such that \(0\neq [s, I_s]\subseteq L\), so the map \(s\mapsto [\text{ad}\, s, I_s]\) is a graded monomorphism of \(S\) into \(Q^{\text{gr}}_F(L)\). The authors prove that if \(A\) is a graded semiprime 2 torsion free associative algebra and \(Q_{gr}\) is the Martindale symmetric graded algebra of quotients of \(A\) then \(Q_{\text{gr}}^-/Z(Q_{\text{gr}}^-)\) is a graded Lie algebra of quotients of \(A^-/Z(A)\) and \([Q_{\text{gr}}^-,Q_{\text{gr}}^-]/Z([Q_{\text{gr}}^-,Q_{\text{gr}}^-])\) is a graded Lie algebra of quotients of \([A^-,A^-]/Z([A^-,A^-])\). Finally, the authors compute the maximal graded algebra of quotients \(A^-/Z(A)\) for \(A\) a semiprime graded Lie algebra free of 2-torsion as the direct limit of graded associative derivations on essential graded associative ideals of \(A\) in case that \(A\) does not satisfy the identity \([[x^2,y],[x,y]]=0\) for all \(x,y\in h(A)\). The proof of some of the results of the paper are translated from the non graded cases but they can be reduced in size basically by making use of their non graded results.