Asymptotic expansion of the solution of a differential-difference equation of general form (Q2251868): Difference between revisions

Consider a difference-differential equation of \(m\)-th order of the form \[ \sum_{j=0}^m\int_0^hz^{(j)}(t-u)\mu_j(du)=f(t),\quad z(t)=g(t),\;t\in[-h,0]. \] Here, \(\mu_j\) are complex-valued measures on \([0,h]\), \(g\in H^m_1[-h,0]\) is a given function and \(f\) is a given function such that \(\int_0^{+\infty}|f(t)|\exp(\gamma t)dt<+\infty\) for some \(\gamma>0\). Let \(\Pi(\gamma):=\{z\in\mathbb{C}\mid\mathsf{Re}(z)\leq\gamma\}\) and \(L(s):=\sum_{j=0}^m(-s)^j\hat{\mu}_j(s)\), where \(\hat{\mu}_j\) is the Laplace transform of the measure \(\mu_j(du)\). Let \((\mu_m)_d\) and \((\mu_m)_s\) be the discrete and singular components of the measure \(\mu_m\) respectively. Let \(\varphi(t)\) be a submultiplicative function on the positive semi-axis such that \(\varphi(t)\exp(-\gamma t)\) is a non-decreasing function. Assume that \(\mu_m(\{0\})\neq0\) (i.e. the equation is of retarded or of neutral type) and \[ \inf_{s\in\Pi(\gamma)}\left|\widehat{(\mu_m)_d}\right|(s)-\int_0^he^{\gamma x}|(\mu_m)_s|(dx)>0. \] Then the set \(Z\) of roots of the characteristic equation \(L(s)=0\) in \(\Pi(\gamma)\) is finite: \(Z=\{s_1,\dots,s_l\}\). By \(m_1,\dots,m_l\) we denote the multiplicities of the roots and by \(N\) we denote the maximum multiplicity of roots of the characteristic equation on the line \(\{s\in\mathbb{C}\mid\mathsf{Re}(s)=r_+(\varphi)\}\). Assume that \[ \int_0^{+\infty}t^N\varphi(t)|f(t)|dt<+\infty. \] Then the a solution of the difference-differential equation admits an expansion \[ z(t)=\sum_{j=1}^le^{-s_jt}\left(\sum_{k=0}^{m_j}b_{jk}\frac{t^{k-1}}{(k-1)!}\right)+r(t), \] where the remainder \(r(t)\) satisfies \(\int_0^{+\infty}\varphi(t)|r(t)|dt<+\infty\) and \(\lim_{t\to+\infty}\varphi(t)r(t)=0\).