On base radical and semisimple operators for a class of finite algebras (Q1646659): Difference between revisions

\textit{A. G. Kurosh} [Mat. Sb., Nov. Ser. 33(75), 13--26 (1953; Zbl 0050.26101)] and \textit{S. A. Amitsur} [Am. J. Math. 76, 100--125 (1954; Zbl 0055.02604)] defined a radical class of rings. A class \(\gamma\) of rings is called a radical class If \(A \in \gamma\), then \(A/I \in \gamma\) for every ideal \(I\) of \(A\), \(\gamma(A)=\sum\{I\vartriangleleft A|I \in \gamma\} \in \gamma\), \(\gamma(A/\gamma(A))=0\). We already know this concept of radical class of rings for associative rings. This paper shows some further properties of the base radical classes which are actually Kurosh-Amitsur radical classes in the case of universal class of associative rings and base semisimple class. Furthermore, this paper uses another direction to see the universal class of rings and gives six possible orders of the semigroup \(RT_\mathcal{A}\), where \(RT_\mathcal{A}\) is a semigroup which is formed by the existing of possible radical and semisimple operators. This paper starts with the definition of \textbf{source}, that is, any element \(A\) of a universal class \(\mathcal{A}\) which is not a proper factor nor a proper accessible of any element of \(\mathcal{A}\). The results of this paper provide a necessary and sufficient condition for \(\mathcal{U}(\mathcal{X})\) to be base radical and its consequence. Moreover, the order of the operator semigroup \(RT_\mathcal{A}\) of any universal class \(\mathcal{A}\) is given. The lattice of base radical classes generated by any subclass \(\mathcal{X} \subseteq \mathcal{A}\) when \(|RT_\mathcal{A}|=4\) is also described. The commutativity between the class operators \(U\) and \(S\) is described in Theorem 4. The existence of an identity element of semigroup \(RT_\mathcal{A}\) is shown in Proposition 5. Some possible orders of \(RT_\mathcal{A}\) are described in Theorem 5. The consequence of two operator semigroups having the same order is shown in Theorem 6. Any class \(\mathcal{X} \subseteq \mathcal{A}\) may have two properties as described in page 372 line 9-10, that are, condition (1*) and (2*). A necessary and sufficient condition for a class \(\mathcal{X} \subseteq \mathcal{A}\) satisfying (1*) and (2*) is shown in Proposition 8. Furthermore, any base radical \(\mathcal{R}\) will be satisfying (1*) (respectively, (2*)) if and only if \(\mathcal{R}=\mathbf{USSS}(\mathcal{R})\) (respectively, \(\mathcal{S}=\mathbf{SUUU}(\mathcal{S}))\).