Point-countable covers and sequence-covering \(s\)-mappings at subsets (Q2222103): Difference between revisions

A family \(\mathcal{P}\) of subsets of a topological space \(X\) is said to be a network for \(X\) if, for every \(x \in X\) and every open neighborhood \(\mathcal{U}\) of \(x\), there is \(P \in \mathcal{P}\) such that \(x \in P \subseteq \mathcal{U}\). A network \(\mathcal{P}\) for \(X\) is, by definition, point-countable at non-isolated points if every non-isolated point of \(X\) belongs to at most countably many \(P \in \mathcal{P}\). A network \(\mathcal{P}\) is called a \(cs^*\)-network for \(X\) if, for each \(x \in X\), any sequence \((x_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) in \(X\) converging to \(x\) and every open \(\mathcal{U} \ni x\), there exists a subsequence \((x_{n_i})_{i \in \mathbb{N}}\) of \((x_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) and \(P \in \mathcal{P}\) such that \[ \{x\} \cup \{x_{n_i} \colon i \in \mathbb{N}\} \subset P \subset U. \] Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be topological spaces. A mapping \(f \colon X \to Y\) is called: -- an almost \(s\)-mapping if \(f^{-1}(y)\) is separable for every non-isolated point \(y \in Y\); -- a sequentially quotient mapping if, for every \(y \in Y\) and every sequence \((y_n)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}\) converging to \(y\), there are a subsequence \((y_{n_i})_{i \in \mathbb{N}}\) and a sequence \((x_i)_{i \in \mathbb{N}}\) convergent in \(X\) such that \(x_i \in f^{-1}(y_{n_i})\) for all \(i \in \mathbb{N}\). The following theorem gives a characterization of sequentially quotient almost \(s\)-images of metric spaces. \textbf{Theorem}. \textit{Let \(X\) be a \(T_2\) space. Then \(X\) has a \(cs^*\)-network which is point-countable at non-isolated points if and only if \(X\) is a sequentially quotient almost \(s\)-image of a metric space.} Similar characterizations are also obtained for \(T_2\) spaces which are images of metric spaces under some other types of \(s\)-mappings.