Mild pro-\(p\)-groups with 4 generators. (Q876414): Difference between revisions

The paper is devoted to a study of mild pro-\(p\)-groups in the case of generator rank \(4\). First we give a definition of the rather complicated notion of a mild pro-\(p\)-group: Let \(\{G_n\mid n=1,2,\dots\}\) be the lower \(p\)-central series of the pro-\(p\)-group \(G\). The graded Lie algebra \(\text{gr}(G)\) associated to \(\{G_n\}\) is a module over the polynomial ring \(\mathbb{F}_p[\pi]\), where multiplication with \(\pi\) is induced by the map \(x\to x^p\), \(x\in G\). Suppose that \(G=F/R=\langle x_1,\dots ,x_d\mid r_1,\dots,r_m\rangle\) is finitely presented. Let \(h_i\) denote the largest value of \(n\) for which \(r_i\in F_n\) and let \(\rho_i\in\text{gr}_{h_i}(F)\) be the image of \(r_i\). Then \(\rho_i\) is called the initial form of \(r_i\). If \(\mathfrak r\) is the ideal of \(L=\text{gr}(F)\) generated by \(\rho_1,\dots,\rho_m\) and \(\mathfrak g=L/\mathfrak r\) then \(M:=\mathfrak r/[\mathfrak r,\mathfrak r]\) is a module over the enveloping algebra \(U_{\mathfrak g}\) of \(\mathfrak g\) via the adjoint representation. The sequence \(\rho_1,\dots,\rho_m\) is said to be strongly free if \(U_{\mathfrak g}\) is a free \(\mathbb{F}_p[\pi]\)-module and \(M\) is a free \(U_{\mathfrak g}\)-module of the images of \(\rho_1,\dots,\rho_m\) in \(M\). If \(G\) has a finite presentation in which the initial forms of the relators form a strongly free sequence then \(G\) is called mild. The second author showed [in J. Reine Angew. Math. 596, 155-182 (2006; Zbl 1122.11076)] that mild pro-\(p\)-groups have nice properties. In particular their cohomological dimension is two. He showed as well that certain maximal \(p\)-extensions of \(\mathbb{Q}_p\) ramified only in a finite set \(S\) of primes \(q\neq p\) have mild Galois groups. In the paper at hand the authors study the case \(d=m=4\) and the initial forms are quadratic and linearly independent over \(\mathbb{F}_p\). They prove that in this case \(G\) is mild if and only if \(\dim\mathfrak g_3=4\) and \(\dim\mathfrak g_4=6\).