Multiplikationstheoreme für die Bernoullischen Polynome und explizite Darstellungen der Bernoullischen Zahlen. (Multiplication theorems for Bernoulli polynomials and explicit representations of Bernoulli numbers) (Q923603): Difference between revisions

Using methods developed by \textit{H. Alzer} [Mitt. Math. Ges. Hamb. 11, 469-471 (1987; Zbl 0632.10008)] \((\lambda =2)\) the author expresses the Bernoulli polynomials \(B_ n(\lambda z)\) by means of the Bernoulli polynomial \(B_ n(z)=\sum^{n}_{k=0}\left( \begin{matrix} n\\ k\end{matrix} \right)B_ kz^{n-k}\) \((B_ k\) means the Bernoulli number) in two identities; e.g. the first identity is given in Theorem 1: ``We have for all complex numbers z and all positive integers n and \(\lambda\geq 2:\) \[ B_ n(\lambda z)=\lambda^ nB_ n(z)+n\sum^{n- 1}_{m=0}\sum^{m}_{k=0}(-1)^{k+1}\left( \begin{matrix} m\\ k\end{matrix} \right)A_{\lambda}(m)(k+\lambda z)^{n-1} \] where \(A_{\lambda}(m)=\sum^{\lambda -1}_{j=1}e^{i2\pi j/\lambda}/(1- e^{i2\pi j/\lambda})^{m+1}.''\) These results are used for derivation of fourteen explicit expressions for the Bernoulli numbers by means of double sums (Folgerung 4, (5.1)- (5.14)) like this \[ ``B_ n=n/(2^ n-1)\sum^{n- 1}_{m=0}\sum^{m}_{k=0}(-1)^{k+1}2^{-(m+1)}\left( \begin{matrix} m\\ k\end{matrix} \right)k^{n-1}\quad (n\geq 1)''\quad (5.1). \] At the conclusion (Paragraph 7), explicit expressions for the Euler polynomials and Euler numbers are given.