Approximation of nonlinear spectral problems in a Hilbert space (Q745271): Difference between revisions

The article deals with the following eigenvalue problems \[ a(\lambda,u,v) = \lambda b(\lambda,u,v), \qquad 0 < \lambda < \infty, \;u,v \in V,\tag{1} \] in a Hilbert space \(V\). Here \(a: \;\Lambda \times V \times V \to {\mathbb R}\) is a symmetrical bounded positive definite form, \(b: \;\Lambda \times V \times V \to {\mathbb R}\) a compact symmetrical bounded positive definite form. It is assumed that the Rayleigh ratio \[ R(\mu,v) = \frac{a(\mu,v,v)}{b(\mu,v,v)} \] is a nonincreasing function from \(\lambda\). For a fixed \(\mu \in (0,\infty)\) each problem (1) has a countable set of eigenvalues \(\gamma_1(\mu) \leq \ldots \leq \gamma_n(\mu) \leq \ldots\), \(\gamma_n(\mu) \to \infty\) of finite multiplicity. In the first part of the article, the author proves that problem (1) has a sequence of eigenvalues \(\lambda_k\) of finite multiplicity; each of these eigenvalues is a solution of the scalar equation \(\mu = \gamma_i(\mu)\). In the second part of the article, the approximation of problem (1) by finite-dimensional problems \[ a(\lambda,u,v) = \lambda b(\lambda,u,v), \qquad 0 < \lambda < \infty, \;u,v \in V_h,\tag{2} \] is studied, where \(V_h\) is a family of finite-dimensional subspaces \(V\) satisfying the limit density condition \[ \varepsilon_h(v) = \bigg(\inf_{v_h \in V_h}\;\|v - v_h\|\bigg)\bigg|_{h \to 0} \to 0. \] The author proves the solvability of problem (2) and the convergence, as \(h \to 0\), of its solutions to solutions of (1). Moreover, estimates of type \[ 0 \leq \lambda_k^h - \lambda_k \leq c(\varepsilon^h)^2, \qquad \varepsilon^h = \sup \;\{\varepsilon_h(u):\;u \in V_h,\;\|u\| = 1\}, \] are obtained. It should be noted that some results of this article are well known in terms of self adjoint operators in Hilbert spaces.