Minimizers for a one-dimensional interaction energy (Q2069843): Difference between revisions

The paper is dedicated to the explicit computation of the minimum energy and the explicit minimizer of the functional $$ \mathcal{E}_\alpha[\mu]: = \frac12 \iint_{\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}} \left(\alpha^{-1}|x-y|^\alpha - 2^{-1}|x-y|^2\right)d\mu(x)d\mu(y),\quad\alpha\in(-1,3),\quad\alpha\ne2, $$ defined in the space $\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R})$ of all Borel probability measures. The minimum problem $$ E_\alpha:= \min\{ \mathcal{E}_\alpha[\mu]:\,\, \mu\in\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{R})\} $$ have been already studied by \textit{C. Davies} et al. [``Classifying minimum energy states for interacting particles. I: Spherical shells'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2107.11718}] for $\alpha\ge3$ and by \textit{J.A. Carrillo} and \textit{R. Shu} [``From radial symmetry to fractal behavior of aggregation equilibria for repulsive-attractive potentials'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2107.05079}] for $\alpha\in(1,2).$ The author settles the minimum problem for remaining cases $\alpha\in(-1,1]$ and $(2,3).$ Now explicit minimizers of $\mathcal{E}_\alpha$ are $$ \mu = \begin{cases} \frac{\delta_{a+1/2} + \delta_{a-1/2} }{2} & \text{ if }\alpha\ge3,\\ f_\alpha \mathcal L & \text{ if }\alpha\in(-1,2)\cup (2,3), \end{cases} $$ where $a\in\mathbb{R},$ $\mathcal{L}$ is the one-dimensional Lebesgue measure on $\mathbb{R}$, $$ f(x) = C_\alpha R_\alpha^{\alpha-2} (R_\alpha^2 - (x-a)^2)^{-\frac{\alpha-1}{2}} \chi_{(a-R_\alpha,a+R_\alpha)} (x) $$ and $R_\alpha$ and $C_\alpha$ are some explicit constants depending only on $\alpha.$