Introduction to time-delay systems. Analysis and control (Q2509837): Difference between revisions

The generic term \textit{time delay systems} refers to systems of ordinary differential equations where the derivatives at some instant \(t\) of the unknown state \(x\) depends not only on the value of \(x\) at the same instant \(t\) (and possibly of the input \(u\) at the same instant \(t\)), but also on the value of \(x\) (and possibly of \(u\)) at some instants \(\tau< t\). In fact, there are many types of time delay systems: retarded differential systems (where the delay affects the state variable and possibly its derivatives, but not those of highest order), neutral differential systems (where the delay affects the highest order derivative of the state) and, more generally, functional differential equations. Moreover, the delays may be constant, time-varying or distributed over a time interval. A first aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive introduction, covering all these types of systems, and accessible to a large audience. The first chapter contains many motivating examples. Then for each type of time delay system, the main features and the main novelties with respect to classical differential equations are discussed, first by developing some simple examples, then in more general and formal way. The main approaches to existence and construction of solutions are presented (step method, infinite dimensional interpretation, relation with partial differential equations). Chapter 2 is devoted to linear systems. In particular, the effect of the delay on the stability of the equilibrium position is discussed. Some notions concerning control systems are also introduced and analyzed (controllability and stabilizability, observability and detectability). The extensions to delay systems of the Lyapunov method for the stability analysis (Lyapunov-Krasowskii approach and Lyapunov-Razumikhin approach) are treated in Chapter 3. For the linear case, the reduction of the stability problem to linear matrix inequalities is illustrated. The remaining chapters focus on certain special instances of the Lyapunov method for the case of time delay systems: performances analysis, the regulator problem, discrete time systems, sample data systems and net-worked control systems.