Refined intersection products and limiting linear subspaces of hypersurfaces (Q1337514): Difference between revisions

Let \(X\) be a hypersurface of degree \(d\) in \(\mathbb{P}^ n\) and \(F_ X\) be the scheme of \(\mathbb{P}^ r\)'s contained in \(X\). If \(X\) is generic, then \(F_ X\) will have the expected dimension (or is empty) and its class in the Chow ring of \(G\) is given by the top Chern class of the vector bundle \(S^ dU^*\), where \(U\) is the universal subbundle on the Grassmannian \(G\) of \(\mathbb{P}^ r\)'s in \(\mathbb{P}^ n\). When we deform a generic \(X\) into a degenerate \(X_ 0\), the dimension of \(F_ X\) can jump. In this case, there is a subscheme \(F_{\text{lim}}\) of \(F_{X_ 0}\) with the expected dimension which consists of limiting \(\mathbb{P}^ r\)'s in \(X_ 0\) with respect to a general deformation. The simplest example is the case of 27 lines in a generic cubic surface. If we deform the surface into the union of a plane and a quadric, then the union contains infinitely many lines. Which 27 lines are the limits? How many of them are in the plane and how many of them are in the quadric? The goal of this paper is to study \(F_{\text{lim}}\) in general. Our main tool is the refined intersection product of Fulton-MacPherson. The main results include an explicit description for \(F_{\text{lim}}\) and formulas to compute the distribution of the limits in different components of \(F_{X_ 0}\).