New proof of the reciprocity law in the theory of quadratic residues. (Q1550775): Difference between revisions

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New proof of the reciprocity law in the theory of quadratic residues.
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    New proof of the reciprocity law in the theory of quadratic residues. (English)
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    1879
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    (Siehe auch JFM 11.0130.01) Unter \(\mathfrak{AB}(x)\) werde der absolut kleinste Bruchrest der Grösse \(x\) verstanden, unter \[ \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\,\mathfrak{Pos.}\,F(\mu,\nu,\dots),\quad \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\,\mathfrak{Neg.}\,F(\mu,\nu,\dots) \] die Anzahl der positiven, bez. der negativen Werthe von \(F(\mu,\nu,\dots)\), wenn die Argumente \(\mu\), \(\nu\) gegebene Zahlenreihen durchlaufen. Die Gauss'sche für den quadratischen Charakter von \(n\) nach \(m\) charakteristische Zahl ist dann \[ \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu}\,\mathfrak{Neg.}\,\mathfrak{AB}\,\frac{\mu n}{m}\,,\quad \mu=1,2,3 \dots\frac{m-1}{2}\,; \] dies lässt sich umsetzen in \[ \begin{aligned} & \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\,\mathfrak{Pos.}\,\left(\frac{\mu n}{m}+\frac{1}{2}-\nu\right)-\mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\, \mathfrak{Pos.}\,\left(\frac{\mu n}{m}-\nu\right)\\ = & \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\, \mathfrak{Pos.}\,\left(\frac{\mu}{m}+\frac{\nu}{n}- \frac{1}{2}\right) - \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\, \mathfrak{Pos.}\, \left(\frac{\mu}{m}- \frac{\nu}{n}\right)\\ & \left(\mu = 1,2,3,\dots,\frac{m-1}{2}\,,\quad \nu=1,2,3,\dots\frac{n-1}{2}\right)\,.\end{aligned} \] Durch Vertauschung von \(m\) und \(n\), Addition, und unter Beachtung von \[ \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\, \mathfrak{Pos.}\, \left(\frac{\mu}{m}- \frac{\nu}{n}\right) + \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\, \mathfrak{Pos.}\, \left(\frac{\nu}{n}-\frac{\mu}{m}\right) = \frac{m-1}{2}\cdot \frac{n-1}{2} \] folgt dann die Gleichung \[ \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu}\,\mathfrak{Neg.}\,\mathfrak{AB}\,\frac{\mu n}{m}+ \mathfrak{Anz.}_{\nu}\,\mathfrak{Neg.}\,\mathfrak{AB}\,\frac{\nu n}{n} = 2\mathfrak{Anz.}_{\mu,\nu}\, \mathfrak{Pos.}\, \left(\frac{\mu}{m}+ \frac{\nu}{n}-\frac12\right)- \frac{m-1}{2}\cdot \frac{n-1}{2}\, \] in welcher der Beweis des Reciprocitätsgesetzes enthalten ist.
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    quadratic reciprocity law
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