On operator factorization of linear relations (Q395603): Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 23:55, 19 March 2024
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English | On operator factorization of linear relations |
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On operator factorization of linear relations (English)
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29 January 2014
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Let \(\mathcal X\)\(,\mathcal Y\) both be real or complex vector spaces. A linear relation \(\mathcal A\) from \(\mathcal X\) to \(\mathcal Y\) is a subspace of the Cartesian product \(\mathcal X\times \mathcal Y\) (whose elements are denoted by \((x,y)\), \(x \in X\), \(y \in Y\)). Let \(\mathcal L(\mathcal X,\mathcal Y)\) denote the set of all linear relations from \(\mathcal X\) to \(\mathcal Y\) and \(\mathcal O(\mathcal X,\mathcal Y)\) denote the set of all linear transformations (operators) from \(\mathcal X\) into \(\mathcal Y\). For a linear relation \(\mathcal A\) from \(\mathcal X\) to \(\mathcal Y\), define the domain, range, kernel and the multi-valued part of \(\mathcal A\), respectively, by: \(\operatorname{dom}A=\{x: (x,y) \in \mathcal A\}\), \(\operatorname{ran}A=\{y: (x,y) \in \mathcal A\}\), \(\operatorname{ker}A=\{x: (x,0) \in \mathcal A\}\) and \(\operatorname{mul}A=\{y: (0,y) \in \mathcal A\}\), all of which are subspaces of \(\mathcal X\times \mathcal Y\). The main result of the article under review (generalizing a well known result of \textit{R. G. Douglas} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 17, 413--415 (1966; Zbl 0146.12503)]) is the following Theorem. Let \(\mathcal X\), \(\mathcal Y\), \(\mathcal Z\) be vector spaces, \(A\in \mathcal L(\mathcal X,\mathcal Z)\) and \(B \in \mathcal L(\mathcal X,\mathcal Y)\). Then there exists \(T \in \mathcal O(\mathcal X,\mathcal Y)\) satisfying \(A=TB\) if and only if \(A,B\) and \(T\) satisfy: \(\operatorname{dom}A \subseteq\operatorname{dom}B\), \(\operatorname{ker}B \subseteq\operatorname{ker}A\), and there exists a subspace \(\mathcal D\subseteq\operatorname{mul}B\) and a surjective linear transformation \(T_{\operatorname{mul}}: \mathcal D\rightarrow\operatorname{mul}A\).
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linear space
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linear operator
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linear relation
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Douglas factorization
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