Cocommutative Calabi-Yau Hopf algebras and deformations. (Q615865): Difference between revisions

Let \(A\) be an algebra over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic zero. \(A\) is said to be Calabi-Yau (CY) of dimension \(d\) if (1) \(A\) is homologically smooth, and (2) As \(A^e\)-bimodules \(A^e=A\otimes A^{op}\), the \(i\)-th Ext groups of \((A, A^{op})\) are 0 for \(i\neq d\), and the \(d\)-th one is isomorphic to \(A\) as \(A\)-\(A\)-bimodules. This notion was introduced by \textit{V. Ginzburg} [\url{arXiv:math/0612139v3}]. A left Noetherian augmented algebra \(A\) is said to be left Artin-Schelter (AS)-Gorenstein if (1) \(\text{injdim\,}A=d\) (finite) for \(A\) as left \(A\)-module, and (2) as left \(A\)-modules, the \(i\)-th Ext groups of \((k,A)\) are 0 for \(i\neq d\), and the \(d\)-th one is one-dimensional. \(A\) is said to be right AS-Gorenstein in an analogous way. \(A\) is called AS-Gorenstein if it is both left and right AS-Gorenstein. Such an \(A\) is called AS-regular if \(A\) has finite global dimension. We state two theorems from the paper. Theorem 2.3: Let \(H\) be a Noetherian Hopf algebra. Then \(H\) is CY of dimension \(d\) if and only if (1) \(H\) is AS-regular with global dimension \(d\) and unimodular, and (2) \(S^2\) is an inner automorphism of \(H\) (\(S\) the antipode of \(H\)). Theorem 3.4: Let \(\mathfrak g\) be a finite-dimensional Lie algebra, \(G\) a finite group of automorphisms of \(\mathfrak g\). Then the skew-group algebra \(U(\mathfrak g)\#kG\) is CY of dimension \(d\) if and only if \(U(\mathfrak g)\) is CY of dimension \(d\) and \(G\) is contained in \(\text{SL}(\mathfrak g)\). The authors also describe all Noetherian cocommutaive CY Hopf algebras \(H\) of global dimension less than or equal to three such that the group \(G(H)\) of group-like elements is finite and the Lie algebra \(P(H)\) of primitive elements is finite-dimensional. A final section discusses the Sridharan enveloping algebra \((U_f)(\mathfrak g)\) of a Lie algebra \(\mathfrak g\) with 2-cocycle \(f\) in \((Z^2)(\mathfrak g,k)\), as introduced by \textit{R. Sridharan} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 100, 530-550 (1961; Zbl 0099.02301)]. The main theorem here (Theorem 5.3) is that for \(\mathfrak g\) finite-dimensional, the following are equivalent: (1) \((U_f)(\mathfrak g)\) is CY of dimension \(d\), (2) \(U(\mathfrak g)\) is CY of dimension \(d\), and (3) \(\dim\mathfrak g=d\) and \(\mathfrak g\) is unimodular, i.e., \(\text{trace}(\text{ad\,}x)=0\) for all \(x\) in \(\mathfrak g\).