Strategically reproducible bases and the factorization property (Q2200030): Difference between revisions

A (bounded) operator \(T:X\to X\) acting on a Banach space \(X\) with a basis \((e_i)\) can be represented by a matrix \((a_{i,j})\) with respect to that basis, and it is said that \(T\) has large diagonal if \(\inf_i |a_{i,i}|>0\). The basis \((e_i)\) is said to have the factorization property if the identity operator \(I_X\) factors through each operator \(T\) with large diagonal; i.e., \(I_X=ATB\) for some operators \(A,B\) acting on \(X\). These notions have been useful to prove that some Banach spaces \(X\) are primary, which means that for each projection \(P\) on \(X\), the range or the kernel of \(P\) is isomorphic to \(X\). For example, \textit{M. Capon} [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 276, No. 2, 431--487 (1983; Zbl 0511.46012)] proved that \(L^p(X)\) is primary when \(X\) is a Banach space with a symmetric basis and \(1\leq p<\infty\) by showing that for each operator \(T\) on \(L^p(X)\), the identity factors through \(T\) or \(I-T\). More recently, in [J. Funct. Anal. 275, No. 11, 3169--3207 (2018; Zbl 1447.47022)], \textit{N. J. Laustsen} et al., proved that for the mixed norm Hardy space \(H^p(H^q)\), \(1\leq p,q<\infty\), the bi-parameter Haar system has the factorization property. They also observed in the introduction that the unit vector basis in \(\ell_p\) and the normalized Haar system in \(L^p[0,1]\) have the factorization property, and they showed that there exists a Banach space with an unconditional basis that fails the factorization property. In this paper, the authors introduce several notions of strategically reproducible basis, which imply the factorization property. As a consequence, they provide simplified proofs of some existing results, and prove some new factorization theorems, among them that the normalized Haar system of \(L^1[0,1]\), the normalized bi-parameter Haar system of \(L^1([0,1]^2)\), and the tensor product of the unit vector basis of \(\ell_p\) with the normalized Haar system have the factorization property. Moreover, each unconditional sum of Banach spaces with strategically reproducible bases has a strategically reproducible basis. They discuss several open problems in the final section.