Quantum groups at odd roots of unity and topological invariants of 3-manifolds (Q2364988): Difference between revisions

\textit{N. Reshetikhin} and \textit{V. G. Turaev} [Invent. Math. 103, No. 3, 547-597 (1991; Zbl 0725.57007)] showed how one can generate invariants of compact oriented 3-manifolds from certain algebraic data which formed what they termed a modular Hopf algebra. In particular, if \(g\) is a classical Lie algebra, then the associated quantum group \(U_{q}(g)\) were shown to be of this type where \(q\) is a root of unity of even order [\textit{V. G. Turaev} and \textit{H. Wenzl}, Int. J. Math. 4, No. 2, 323-358 (1993; Zbl 0784.57007)]. The paper starts by summarizing the structure of finite-dimensional irreducible representations of \(U_{q}(g)\) for generic \(q\). In a similar way to the constructions of Turaev-Wenzl for \(q\) a root of unity of even order, this paper gives an analysis of parallel constructions of a finite-dimensional quantum group \(U_{q}^{(N)}(g)\) in the case where \(q\) is a root of unity whose order, \(N\), is odd and at least the dual Coxeter number of \(g\), including the associated universal \(R\)-matrix. All irreducible representations are finite-dimensional and possess highest and lowest weight vectors, each corresponding to one of the generic quantum group \(U_{q}g\), while attention is restricted to a particular class whose highest weights are bounded by a cutoff determined by \(N\). This class has the property that a tensor product of such representations can be completely decomposed into a direct sum, including only other such representations (possibly with multiplicity) along with a module on which all quantum traces vanish. Although a modular Hopf algebra structure is not actually obtained, the properties of the special central element \(v\) and scalars \(d_{\lambda}\) which are constructed are strong enough to generate 3-manifold invariants in a similar way to that in Reshetikhin-Turaev, and the authors expect that a full TQFT can also be defined. The values of this invariant on lens spaces are calculated. When applied to \(gl_{2}\), the invariant generated is close to that of \textit{C. Blanchet, N. Habegger, G. Masbaum} and \textit{P. Vogel} [Topology 31, No. 4, 685-699 (1992; Zbl 0771.57004)]. This paper deals only with the \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) and \(D\) series of Lie algebras, leaving the exceptional Lie algebras to a separate work.