New moduli of smoothness on the unit ball, applications and computability (Q2637502): Difference between revisions

The paper is a continuation of a previous paper of the same author [`` New moduli of smoothness on the unit ball and other domains, introduction and main properties'', Constr. Approx. 40, No. 1, 1--36 (2014; \url{doi:10.1007/s00365-014-9232-8})]. It deals with the properties of a new moduli of smoothness for functions defined on \(B^d\), the unit ball of \(\mathbb{R}^n\). Let \(H_n(\lambda, d)\) be the space of all polynomials of degree \(n\) that are orthogonal to all polynomials of degree \(n-1\) with respect to the weight \((1-\| x\|^2)^{\lambda-1/2}\), \(\lambda > -1/2\). Consider the semigroups \[ T_\alpha(t)f= T_\alpha(t)(\lambda,d,t)f \sim \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty \exp \Big(-tn^\alpha (n+2\lambda -1)^\alpha\Big) P_n(f) \] and \[ \widetilde{T}_\alpha(t)f\sim \sum\limits_{n=0}^\infty \exp (-tn^\alpha) P_n(f), \] where \(P_n (f)\) is the \(L_2\) projection of \(f\) on \(H_n(\lambda, d)\). The moduli of smoothness \(\omega^\beta(f,t)_B\) and \(\widetilde{\omega}^\beta(f,t)_B\) are given by \[ \omega^{2\beta}(f,t)_B=\| T_\beta (t^{2\beta})f-f\|_B \quad \text{and}\quad \widetilde{\omega}^{\beta}(f,t)_B=\| \widetilde{T}_\beta (t^{\beta})f-f\|_B, \] for the Banach space \(B\). The paper contains seven sections. For a fixed \(\lambda\), let us consider the norm or quasi-norm \[ \| f\|_{p,\lambda}=\left\{ \int_{B^d}| f(x)|^p (1-\| x\|^2)^{\lambda-1/2}dx\right\}^{1/p},\quad\quad 0<p<\infty, \] and \[ \| f\|_{\infty,\lambda}=\| f\|_{\infty}=\mathrm{ess}\, \sup\limits_{x\in B^d}|f(x)|. \] As usual, \( L_{p,\lambda}(B^d)\) is the family of all \(f\) such that \(\| f\|_{\infty,\lambda}<\infty\). The main result of Section 2 is a Nikoslki-type inequality in \(B^d\). {Theorem 1.} Assume \(d\geq 2\), \(0<p<q\leq \infty\) and \(\lambda>-1/2\). There exists a constant \(C\) such that, if \(m\geq 1\) \textit{and} \(P_m\) is a polynomial of total degree \(m\), then \[ \| P_m\|_{q,\lambda}\leq C\, m^{\sigma(1/p-1/q)}\, \| P_m\|_{p,\lambda}, \] where \(\sigma=\max \{d,d+2\lambda\}\). Let \(E_n( f )_{p,\lambda}\) denote the rate of best approximation by polynomials of total degree smaller than \(n\) with respect to the norm or quasinorm \(\| f\|_{p,\lambda}\). In Section 3 the quantities \(\| q\|_{q,\lambda}\) and \(E_n( f )_{p,\lambda}\) are compared with \(E_n( f )_{p,\lambda}\), for \(0<p<q\leq \infty\). Here we give only one of the results in Section 3. {Theorem 2.} Assume \(d\geq 2\), \(0<p<q\leq \infty\) and \(\lambda>-1/2\). There exists a constant \(C\) such that for each \(f\in L_{p,\lambda}(B^d)\) \[ \| f\|_{q,\lambda}\leq C\left( \| f\|_{q,\lambda}+\left\{\sum\limits_{k=0}^\infty k^{\theta q_1-1}E_k(f)_{p,\lambda}^{q_1}\right\}^{1/q_1}\right), \] and \[ E_n(f)_{q,\lambda}\leq C\, \left\{\sum\limits_{k=0}^\infty k^{\theta q_1-1}E_k(f)_{p,\lambda}^{q_1}\right\}^{1/q_1} \] where \[ \theta=\left(\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{q}\right)\,\max\{d,d+2\lambda\}, \] \(q_1=q\), if \(q<\infty\), and \(q_1=1\), if \(q=\infty\). In other results of Section 3 it is shown that analogous relations hold for the new moduli of smoothness. Section 4 contains several Jackson-type inequalities. The author remarks that he obtained the inequalities without using a Littlewood-Paley-type inequa\-lity. Section 5 describes properties of Besov spaces (defined in terms of the best polynomial approximation) by using the moduli of smoothness. In Section 6 the author computes the moduli of smoothness for some functions in \(L_{p,\lambda}(B^d )\) and illustrates the optimality (in some sense) of some of the results. Finally, Section 7 contains remarks, generalizations and related questions.