A Menon-type identity with multiplicative and additive characters (Q2422620): Difference between revisions

Menon's identity states that \[ \sum_{a\in\mathbb{Z}_n^\ast}\gcd(a-1, n)=\varphi(n)\tau(n), \] where \(\varphi\) is Euler's totient function and \(\tau\) is the divisor number function, see [\textit{P. Kesava Menon}, J. Indian Math. Soc., New Ser. 29, 155--163 (1965; Zbl 0144.27706)]. This identity has been generalized in various directions. The present authors prove the following result. Let \(\chi\) be a Dirichlet character \(\pmod{n}\) with conductor \(d\), where \(d\mid n\). Let \(\lambda_\ell(b)= \exp(2\pi iw_\ell b/n)\) be additive characters of the group \(\mathbb{Z}_n\) with \(w_\ell\in\mathbb{Z}\) \((1\le\ell\le k)\). Then \[ \sum_{\substack{a\in\mathbb{Z}_n^\ast\\ b_1,\ldots, b_k\in\mathbb{Z}_n}}\gcd(a-1, b_1,\ldots, b_k, n) \chi(a)\lambda_1(b_1)\cdots\lambda_k(b_k) =\varphi(n)\sigma_k(\gcd(n/d, w_1,\ldots, w_k)), \] where \(\sigma_k(n)=\sum_{d\mid n}d^k\). The authors prove this result first in the case of \(n\) being a prime power and then treat the general case using multiplicativity and the Chinese remainder theorem. This result generalize \textit{B. Sury}'s identity (see [Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo (2) 58, No. 1, 99--108 (2009; Zbl 1187.20015)]) and \textit{X.-P. Zhao} and \textit{Z.-F. Cao}'s identity (see [Int. J. Number Theory 13, No. 9, 2373--2379 (2017; Zbl 1392.11004)]).