Duality of \(\kappa \)-normed topological vector spaces and their applications (Q843527): Difference between revisions

Adapting \textit{E.\,V.\thinspace Shchepin}'s definition of \(\kappa\)-metric spaces [Izv.\ Akad.\ Nauk SSSR, Ser.\,Mat.\ 43, 442--477 (1979; Zbl 0409.54040); translation in Math.\ USSR, Izv.\ 14, 407--440 (1980; Zbl 0436.54024)], the author defines \(\kappa\)-normed topological vector spaces in the following way. A topological vector space \(X\) over the field \(K=\mathbb R\) or \(\mathbb C\) or a non-Archimedean field, supplied either with the family \(S_X:=2_0^X\) of all nonempty closed subsets or with \(S_X:=2_{\delta}^X\) of all closed \(G_{\delta}\)-subsets, is said to be \(\kappa\)-normed if, on the product \(X\times S_X\), there exists a nonnegative function \(\rho(x,C)\), called a \(\kappa\)-norm, satisfying the following conditions: (N1)~\(\rho(x,C)=0\) if and only if \(x\in C\); (N2)~if \(C\subset C'\), then \(\rho(x,C)\geq\rho(X,C')\); (N3)~\(\rho(x,C)\) is uniformly continuous in \(x\in X\) for each fixed \(C\in S_X\); (N4)~for each increasing transfinite sequence \(\{C_{\alpha}\}\) with \(C:=\text{cl}(\bigcup_{\alpha}C_{\alpha})\in S_X\), the equality \(\rho(x,C)=\inf_{\alpha}\rho(x,C_{\alpha})\) holds; (N5)~(a)~\(\rho(x+y,C_1+C_2)\leq\rho(x,C_1)+\rho(y,C_2)\), (b)~\(\rho(x,C_1)\leq\rho(x,C_2)+ \bar\rho(C_2,C_1)\) (with the maximum instead of the sum in these inequalities in the non-Archimedean case), where \(\bar\rho(C_2,C_1):=\sup_{x\in C_2} \rho(x,C_1)\); (N6)~\(\rho(\lambda x,\lambda C)\leq|\lambda|\rho(x,C)\) for each \(K\owns\lambda\neq0\); (N7)~\(\rho(x+y,y+C)=\rho(x,C)\). The duality of such spaces is defined and investigated and, in particular, an analog of the Mackey-Arens theorem is proved. The notion of conditional \(\kappa\)-normability of the uniform space \(L(X)\) of linear topological homeomorphisms of a \(\kappa\)-normed space \(X\) is introduced and studied, under the condition that the images of elements under the corresponding operations lie in \(L(X)\). Then the topology of a \(\kappa\)-normed space is investigated and it is proved that \(\kappa\)-normability of \((X,2_0^X)\) implies \(\kappa\)-normability of \((X,2_{\delta}^X)\) and that the latter implies local convexity of~\(X\). Finally, some applications to differential equations in infinite-dimensional spaces, as well as to approximations of functions are given.