Uniformly convex and smooth Banach spaces and \(L^p\)-boundedness properties of Littlewood-Paley and area functions associated with semigroups (Q2011244): Difference between revisions

Let \(\{T_t\}\) represent either the classical Poisson semigroup \(\{P_t\}\) or the heat semigroup \(\{W_t\}\). For such a semigroup and for any function \(f\in L^p(\mathbb R^n,B)\) with values in a Banach space \(B\), one can associate the Littlewood-Paley function by the formula \[g_{q, T_t, B}(f)(x)=\biggl(\int_0^\infty \|t \partial_t T_t(f)(x)\|^q\frac{dt}{t}\biggr)^{1/q}.\] It was first shown by \textit{Q.-H. Xu} [J. Reine Angew. Math. 504, 195--226 (1998; Zbl 0904.42016)] that the inequality \(\|g_{q,P_t,B}(f)\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}\le C \|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n, B)}\) holds for any \(f\in L^p(\mathbb R^n,B)\) if and only if \(B\) has an equivalent norm \(\|\cdot\|\) which is \(q\)-uniformly convex for \(q\ge 2\). The corresponding result for the converse inequality and \(q\)-uniformly smooth was also provided there. For general symmetric diffusion semigroups \(\{T_t\}\) one can consider the Poisson subordinated semigroup \(\{P_t\}\) and the above results were extended to this general situation by \textit{T. Martínez} et al. [Adv. Math. 203, No. 2, 430--475 (2006; Zbl 1111.46008)]. In a further generalization, these last results were shown to hold when \(\partial _t\) is replaced by the \(\alpha\)-derivative \(\partial^\alpha_t\), and the fractional Littlewood-Paley function becomes \(g^{\alpha}_{q, T_t, B}\) by \textit{J. L. Torrea} and \textit{C. Zhang} [Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. A, Math. 144, No. 3, 637--667 (2014; Zbl 1302.46008)]. Also, versions where the Littlewood-Paley function is replaced by the area integral function associated to the symmetric diffusion semigroup, defined by \[\mathcal A^\alpha_{q,T_t,B}(f)(x)=\biggl(\int_{\Gamma(x)} \|s^\alpha \partial^\alpha T_s f(y)_{|s=t^2}\|^q\frac{dy \, dt}{t^{n+1}} \biggr)^{1/q}\] for \(\Gamma(x)=\{(y,t):|y-x|<t \}\), were given. It was left open the question whether similar results hold when the Poisson subordinated semigroup is replaced by any symmetric diffusion semigroup. In the paper under review, the authors show that, in the setting of \(\alpha\)-derivatives and symmetric diffusion semigroups \(\{T_t\}\) defined on \(L^p(\Omega)\), for each \(1<p<\infty\) and \(q\ge 2\), if \(B\) has an equivalent \(q\)-uniformly convex norm, then the inequality \(\|g^\alpha_{q,T_t,B}f\|_{L^p(\Omega)}\le C \|f\|_{L^p(\Omega, B)}\) holds for any \(f\in L^p(\Omega,B)\). They show that, in the case of the heat semigroup \(\{W_t\}\), the inequality \(\|g^\alpha_{q,W_t,B}f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}\le C \|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n, B)}\) for any \(f\in L^p(\mathbb R^n,B)\) implies that \(B\) has an equivalent \(q\)-uniformly convex norm. This equivalence also holds in case of the heat semigroup defined in \(\mathbb R^n\) for the corresponding inequality involving area functions \(\mathcal A^\alpha_{q,W_t,B}\) instead of \(g^\alpha_{q,W_t,B}\). The corresponding results are also shown for \(q\)-uniformly smooth norms for \(1<q\le 2\) and the converse inequalities. The paper's results cover the situation of heat semigroups defined by Hermite and Laguerre operators, where the previously known cases do not apply since these semigroups do not satisfy the Markovian property.