\(S_{2}\) and the Fréchet property of free topological groups (Q272855): Difference between revisions

Let \(F(X)\) be the free topological group over a Tychonoff space \(X\) and \(F_n(X)\) be the subspace of \(F(X)\) that consists of all words of reduced length \(\leq n\) for every non-negative integer \(n\). Various topological properties on \(F(X)\) and \(F_n(X)\), \(n\in{\mathbb N}\), have been discussed, for example tightness, \(k\)-property, \(k_{\omega}\)-property, sequentiality, the Fréchet-Urysohn property, first-countability, metrizability and so on. In this paper, the authors study topological properties of free topological groups in terms of Arens' space \(S_2\) and improve the following results: (1) \textit{D. R. Adams} [Morrey spaces. Cham: Birkhäuser/Springer (2015; Zbl 1339.42001), Theorem 1.6] If \(F(X)\) over a Tychonoff space \(X\) is a sequential space, then either \(X\) is discrete or \(F(X)\) contains a copy of the sequential fan \(S_{\omega}\); (2) [\textit{K. Yamada}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 130, No. 8, 2461--2469 (2002; Zbl 1006.54052), Proposition 3.5] Let \(X\) be a non-discrete Tychonoff space. Then for every subsequence \(\{n_i\}_{i\in{\mathbb N}}\) of \(\mathbb N\), \(\bigcup\limits_{i=1}^{\infty}(F_{n_i}(X)\setminus F_{n_i-1}(X))\) is not Fréchet-Urysohn. (3) [\textit{K. Yamada}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 130, No. 8, 2461--2469 (2002; Zbl 1006.54052), Theorem 2.4] Let \(X\) be a metrizable space. If \(F_5(X)\) is Fréchet-Urysohn, then \(X\) is compact or discrete. Quite recently, \textit{K. Yamada} [``Fréchet-Urysohn subspaces of free topological groups'', Topology Appl. (to appear), \url{doi:10.1016/j.topol.2016.07.009}] proved that if \(X\) is locally compact, metrizable and the set of all non-isolated points of \(X\) is compact, then \(F_4(X)\) is a \(k\)-space if and only if \(F_4(X)\) is a Fréchet-Urysohn space. In the paper under review, the authors give another proof of the result by means of a \textit{Y. Tanaka}'s theorem [Fundam. Math. 119, 157--168 (1983; Zbl 0542.54022)] concerning Arens' space \(S_2\).