Bivariance, Grothendieck duality and Hochschild homology. I: Construction of a bivariant theory (Q428175): Difference between revisions

Let \(S\) be a fixed Noetherian scheme and \(\mathcal S\) the category of separated, essentially finite-type, finite tor-dimension schemes \(x : X \rightarrow S\) over \(S\). For any such scheme \(X\), let \(\text{D}_{\text{qc}}(X)\) denote the derived category of the category of complexes of \({\mathcal O}_X\)-modules with quasi-coherent cohomology sheaves. For \(A\), \(B\) in \(\text{D}_{\text{qc}}(X)\), consider the graded abelian group: \[ \text{E}_X(A,B) := { \bigoplus_{i \in {\mathbb Z}}} \text{Hom}_{\text{D}(X)}(A,B[i])\, . \] For \(A\), \(B\), \(C\) in \(\text{D}_{\text{qc}}(X)\) there exists an obvious graded bilinear composition map: \[ \text{E}_X(B,C)\times \text{E}_X(A,B) \longrightarrow \text{E}_X(A,C)\, . \] Via this composition map, \(H_X := \text{E}_X({\mathcal O}_X,{\mathcal O}_X) \simeq \bigoplus_{i \geq 0}\text{H}^i(X,{\mathcal O}_X)\) becomes a commutative-graded ring and \(\text{E}_X(A,B)\) a symmetric (left and right) graded \(H_X\)-module. Putting \(H := H_S\), the category \(\text{D}_X\) whose objects are the objects of \(\text{D}_{\text{qc}}(X)\) and whose Hom-groups are \(\text{E}_X(A,B)\) is a \(H\)-\textit{graded category}. If \(f : X \rightarrow Y\) is a morphism in \(\mathcal S\) then the pseudofunctors \(\text{R}f_\ast : \text{D}_{\text{qc}}(X) \rightarrow \text{D}_{\text{qc}}(Y)\) and \(\text{L}f^\ast : \text{D}_{\text{qc}}(Y) \rightarrow \text{D}_{\text{qc}}(X)\) induce pseudofunctors of \(H\)-graded categories \(\text{R}f_\ast : \text{D}_X \rightarrow \text{D}_Y\) and \(\text{L}f^\ast : \text{D}_Y \rightarrow \text{D}_X\). \textit{S. Nayak} [Adv. Math. 222, No. 2, 527--546 (2009; Zbl 1175.14003)], unifying the local and global Grothendieck duality theories, constructed, under the above hypotheses, a \textit{twisted inverse image} pseudofunctor \(f_+^! : \text{D}^+_{\text{qc}}(Y) \rightarrow \text{D}^+_{\text{qc}}(X)\) which is pseudofunctorially right-adjoint to \(\text{R}f_\ast : \text{D}^+_{\text{qc}}(X) \rightarrow \text{D}^+_{\text{qc}}(Y)\) if \(f\) is proper, and such that \(f_+^! = f^\ast\) if \(f\) is essentially étale (which means that \({\mathcal O}_{X,x}\) is formally étale over \({\mathcal O}_{Y,f(x)}\), \(\forall \, x \in X\)). One can show that \(f_+^!\) can be extended to a pseudofunctor of \(H\)-graded categories \(f^! : \text{D}_Y \rightarrow \text{D}_X\) such that \(f^!C = f_+^!{\mathcal O}_Y\otimes_{{\mathcal O}_X}^{\text{L}}\text{L}f^\ast C\) for \(C \in \text{D}_{\text{qc}}(Y)\). Finally, for any object \(X \rightarrow S\) of \(\mathcal S\), consider the \textit{pre-Hochschild complex} \({\mathcal H}_X := \text{L}\delta_X^\ast \text{R}\delta_{X\ast}{\mathcal O}_X\), where \(\delta_X : X \rightarrow X\times_SX\) is the diagonal morphism. Using the properties of these complexes (which can be found in the paper of \textit{R.-O. Buchweitz} and \textit{H. Flenner} [Adv. Math. 217, No. 1, 205--242 (2008; Zbl 1140.14015)]) and of the twisted inverse image pseudofunctor \(f^!\), the authors of the paper under review develop a \textit{bivariant theory} (in the sense of \textit{W. Fulton} and \textit{R. MacPherson} [``Categorical framework for the study of singular spaces'', Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 243, 165 p. (1981; Zbl 0467.55005)]) on the category \(\mathcal S\), with values in the \(H\)-graded categories \(\text{D}_X\), \(X \in {\mathcal S}\), for the pseudofunctors \((-)^\ast\), \((-)_\ast\) and \((-)^!\), with proper morphisms as \textit{confined maps}, and with cartesian squares with flat bottom as \textit{independent squares}. This theory associates to a morphism \(f : (X \overset{x}\rightarrow S) \rightarrow (Y \overset{y}\rightarrow S)\) the graded \(H\)-module: \[ \text{HH}^\ast(f) := \text{E}_X({\mathcal H}_X,f^!{\mathcal H}_Y) = { \bigoplus_{i\in {\mathbb Z}}}\text{Hom}_{\text{D}(X)}({\mathcal H}_X, f^!{\mathcal H}_Y[i]) \] so that the associated cohomology groups are: \[ \text{HH}^i(X/S) := \text{HH}^i(\text{id}_X) = \text{Ext}^i_{{\mathcal O}_X}({\mathcal H}_X,{\mathcal H}_X) \] and the associated homology groups are: \[ \text{HH}_i(X/S) := \text{HH}^{-i}(x) = \text{Ext}^{-i}_{{\mathcal O}_X}({\mathcal H}_X,x^!{\mathcal O}_S)\, . \] Most of the proofs consist of the (non-trivial) verification of the commutativity of certain diagrams. These results lay the foundation for the construction, in a sequel of this paper, of the \textit{fundamental class} of a \textit{flat} \(f\) as above, which is a natural functorial map: \[ \text{c}_f : \text{L}\delta^\ast_X\text{R}\delta_{X\ast}\text{L}f^\ast \longrightarrow f^!\text{L}\delta^\ast_Y\text{R}\delta_{Y\ast} \] satisfying a transitivity relation with respect to the composition of morphisms in \(\mathcal S\).