A note on monotone \(D\)-spaces (Q550432): Difference between revisions

The \(D\)-property was introduced by \textit{E. K. van Douwen} [Set-theor. Topol., Vol. dedic. to M. K. Moore, 111--134 (1977; Zbl 0372.54006)] and was studied by many authors, among them Arhangelskii and Buzyakova, C. Berges, and P. de Caux. A neighbourhood assignment for a space \(X\) is a function \(\phi\) from \(X\) to the topology of \(X\) such that \(x\in\phi(x)\) for all \(x\in X\). A space \(X\) is a \(D\)-space if for every neighbourhood assignment \(\phi\) for \(X\), there is a closed discrete subset \(F\) of \(X\) such that \(X =\phi (F) = \bigcup\{\phi(x) : x\in F\}\). It is known that spaces with a point-countable base as well as semi-stratifiable spaces are \(D\)-spaces; so \(\sigma\)-spaces, stratifiable spaces, Moore spaces and metrizable spaces are all \(D\)-spaces. Monotone \(D\)-spaces were introduced and studied by \textit{S. G. Popvassilev} and \textit{J. E. Porter} [Topol. Proc. 30, No.~1, 355--365 (2006; Zbl 1188.54011)]. A space \(X\) is a monotone \(D\)-space if for each neighbourhood assignment \(\phi\) for \(X\), we can pick a closed discrete subset \(F(\phi)\) of \(X\) with \(X = \bigcup \{\phi(x) : x\in F(\phi)\}\) such that if \(\psi\) is also a neighbourhood assignment for \(X\) and \(\phi(x)\subset\psi(x)\) for each \(x\in X\), then \(F(\psi)\subset F(\phi)\). Monotone \(D\)-spaces are \(D\)-spaces, but the converse is not true, for example, the closed interval [0,1] is a \(D\)-space but not a monotone \(D\)-space. The Michael line \(M\) (the real line with the irrationals isolated and the rationals having their usual neighbourhoods) is a paracompact generalized ordered space (that is, a subspace of linearly ordered topological space) and so it is a \(D\)-space; it is also known that the Michael line is a monotone \(D\)-space. In this paper, the authors prove that 1) the minimal dense linearly ordered extension of the Michael line is hereditarily paracompact (hence a hereditarily \(D\)-space), but not a monotone \(D\)-space; 2) the minimal closed linearly ordered extension of the Michael line is a monotone \(D\)-space and 3) if \(X\) is a \(D\)-space (respectively a monotone \(D\)-space), so is its Alexandroff duplicate space \(A(X)\). Thus \(A(M)\) is monotonically \(D\) for the Michael line \(M\). (The Alexandroff duplicate \(A(X)\) for the space \(X\) is the set \(X \times \{0,1\}\) with topology as follows: points in \(X \times \{1\}\) are isolated and each \(<x,0>\) in \(X \times \{0\}\) has basic neighbourhoods of the form \((U \times \{0,1\}) \setminus \{<x,1>\}\) where \(U\) is an open neighbourhood of \(x\) in \(X\)).