The joint universality of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions and Lerch zeta-functions (Q483472): Difference between revisions

In this paper, the authors start from three fundamental dates for analytic number theory (ANT): {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[-] in the 1837 Dirichlet introduced in ANT his ``\(L\)-functions'', with \(\chi=\chi\pmod q\) his characters: \[ L(s,\chi):=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\chi(n)/n^{s}; \] \item[-] in the 1857 Lipschitz generalized them (for ANT!), defining the functions (with \(0<\alpha \leq 1\), \(0<\lambda \leq 1\)) \[ L(\lambda,\alpha,s):=\sum_{m=0}^{\infty}e^{2\pi i\lambda m}/(m+\alpha)^{s}; \] \item[-] in the 1887 Lerch proved the functional equation, so now they have his name: ``Lerch \(L\)-functions''. \end{itemize}} The above definitions are for \(\sigma:=\mathrm{Re}(s)>1\). Then they (as they summarize) ``establish a Voronin-type joint universality theorem on approximating analytic functions by the translations of Dirichlet \(L\)-functions and Lerch zeta-functions'' (see Theorem 1 for the details). Indeed, this is done (in the standard ANT environment) through a wonderful melange of probability theory (Haar measures and convergence of measures), analytic functions (convergence on compacta of the complex plane) and a sprinkle of topology, Fourier transforms and ergodic theory (for groups and for random processes): see Sections 2 and 3. Actually, the proof of Theorem 1.1 in Section 4 starts with Mergelyan's theorem (that approximates analytic functions by polynomials on compacta, see Lemma 10 in the paper). The paper concludes by the rather straightforward proof of Corollary 2.