Approaching solenoids and Knaster continua by rays (Q492262): Difference between revisions

A ray \(R\) approaches a continuum \(X\) if \(R\) and \(X\) are disjoint and \(Y = R \cup X\) is a continuum; a ray is a space homeomorphic to the real line \( [0, \infty )\). It is proved that if a ray \(R\) approaches a solenoid \(\Sigma\) it does so along exactly one composant; while a ray approaching a Knaster continuum \(K\) simultaneously follows all composants of \(K\). The following theorem for Knaster continua is proved: Suppose \(Y\) is a continuum containing \(K\) such that \(R = Y \setminus K\) is homeomorphic to \([0, \infty )\) and cl\((R) = Y\). Let \(e\) denote the end point of \(R\) and let \(x \in K\). Then there exists a retraction \(r\) of \(Y\) to \(K\) such that \(r(e) = x\). In the case of solenoids it is proved that if \(Y\) is a continuum containing \(\Sigma\) such that \(R = Y \setminus \Sigma \) is homeomorphic to \([0, \infty )\), then there exists a retraction \(r\) of \(Y\) to \(\Sigma\). Moreover, any two such retractions are homotopic. It follows that if \(P_{R}\) is the composant of \(\Sigma\) containing \(r(R)\), then \(P_{R}\) is invariant under every homeomorphism of \(Y\) into itself. Consequently, \(Y\) has uncountably many orbits. This is the answer to the Question 1.2 of \textit{P. Minc} and \textit{F. Sturm} [Houston J. Math. 41, No. 4, 1341--1350 (2015; Zbl 1339.54024)].