C-symplectic poset structure on a simply connected space (Q386184): Difference between revisions

The existence of a Kähler metric on a compact manifold has deep consequences on the topology. From the point of view of rational homotopy theory, the main aspect is formality of compact Kähler manifolds. This result was proved in [\textit{P. Deligne} et al., Invent. Math. 29, 245--274 (1975; Zbl 0312.55011)] for the \textit{real} homotopy type and a bit later in [\textit{D. Sullivan}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 47, 269--331 (1977; Zbl 0374.57002)] for the \textit{rational} homotopy type. Every Kähler manifold is symplectic, and it is well known that there exist examples of symplectic non-formal manifolds, see for instance [\textit{Y. Félix} et al., Rational homotopy theory. Graduate Texts in Mathematics. 205. New York, NY: Springer. (2001; Zbl 0961.55002)]. Recall that the rational homotopy type of a simply connected (or, more generally, nilpotent) manifold can be read off from its rational minimal model. In [\textit{D. Sullivan}, Publ. Math., Inst. Hautes Étud. Sci. 47, 269-331 (1977; Zbl 0374.57002)], Sullivan asked which conditions could be put on the minimal model of a (say, simply connected) manifold in order to guarantee the existence of a symplectic structure. In the present paper, the authors consider simply connected \textit{c-symplectic} spaces. Recall that a Poincaré duality space \(Y\) of formal dimension \(2n\) is c-symplectic if it has a degree 2 cohomology class \(\omega\) with \(\omega^n\neq 0\). One can consider the case in which the cohomology class is given by a map from \(Y\) to the Eilenberg-MacLane space \(K(\mathbb{Z},2)\). The homotopy fibre \(X\) of \(Y\to K(\mathbb{Z},2)\) is by definition a \textit{pre-c-symplectic} space. The authors rationalize the fibration \[ X\to Y\to K(\mathbb{Z},2) \] and study its (relative) minimal model for various fields \(\mathbf{k}\supset\mathbb{Q}\). On the one hand, they want to find conditions on \(X\) which induce a c-symplectic structure on \(Y\). On the other hand, they are interested in classifying spaces \(Y\) such that \(X\to Y\to K(\mathbb{Z},2)\) for a given simply connected space \(X\). According to [\textit{G. Bazzoni} and \textit{V. Muñoz}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 364, No. 2, 1007--1028 (2012; Zbl 1239.55003)], for a fixed field \(\mathbf{k}\supset\mathbb{Q}\), the \(\mathbf{k}-\)homotopy type of a space is defined to be the isomorphism class of the \(\mathbf{k}-\)minimal model; the latter is obtained by tensoring with \(\mathbf{k}\) the rational minimal model. A \({\mathbf k}-\)homotopy equivalence is simply an automorphism of the \(\mathbf{k}-\)minimal model. For a given fibration \(X\to Y\to K(\mathbb{Z},2)\), a fibrewise self-equivalence of \(Y\to K(\mathbb{Z},2)\) induces a homotopy equivalence of \(X\). For \textit{different} maps \(Y\to K(\mathbb{Z},2)\) the authors compare, at the \(\mathbf{k}\)-homotopic level, the automorphisms of the fibre \(X\) that are induced, in each case, by fibrewise self-equivalences. They define a poset structure on the set of \(\mathbf{k}-\)homotopy equivalences of \(X\) induced by fibrewise self-equivalences of \(Y\to K(\mathbb{Z},2)\). Out of this, they define a \(\mathbf{k}-\)homotopy invariant of \(X\), called \textit{c-symplectic depth}. The authors prove some basic properties of this new invariant. They show that a c-symplectic depth can be arbitrarily large, meaning that there is no absolute bound for it. They conjecture a relationship between the c-symplectic depth and the (rational) Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of a space. They compute the c-symplectic depth of odd spheres and give explicit examples of spaces with low c-symplectic depth (all of them involve odd-dimensional spheres and complex projective spaces). Finally, they show with an example that c-symplectic depth depends on the field \(\mathbf{k}\). This is very interesting and suggests that the study of \(\mathbf{k}-\)homotopy types over different fields \(\mathbf{k}\supset\mathbb{Q}\) is useful \textit{per se}.