Sharp extension theorems and Falconer distance problems for algebraic curves in two dimensional vector spaces over finite fields (Q664902): Difference between revisions

Extension theorems associated with general varieties in two dimensional vector spaces over finite fields are studied. Applying Bezout's theorem, the authors obtain the following result. Theorem 1.1. Let \(\mathbb {F}_q\) denote a finite field with \(q\) elements where we assume that \(q\) is a power of an odd prime. Suppose that \(P(x)\in \mathbb{F}_q[x_1,x_2]\) is a non-zero polynomial. Define an algebraic variety \(V\subset \mathbb{F}_q^2\) by \(V=\{x\in\mathbb{F}_q^2: P(x)=0\}\). Then, an \(L^2-L^4\) extension estimate related to \(V\) holds if and only if the polynomial \(P(x)\) does not have any linear factor and there exist \(C,c>0\) depending only on the degree of \(P(x)\) such that \(cq\leq |V|\leq Cq\). Here \(|V|\) denotes the cardinality of \(V\). Theorem 1.1 is a generalization of the sharp extension theorems for the parabola and the non-degenerate quadratic curves due to Mockenhaupt-Tao and Iosevich-Koh, respectively. As an application of the sharp extension estimates, the authors study the Falconer distance problems in two dimensions.