The Hardy inequality and the heat equation in twisted tubes (Q708238): Difference between revisions

This paper deals with the decay rate for the heat semigroup associated with the Dirichlet Laplacian in the tube. Thus, let \(\Omega_0= \mathbb{R}\times\omega\), where \(\omega\subset\mathbb{R}^2\) is non-circular cross-section, be a straight three-dimensional tube. Instead of simply translating \(\omega\) along \(\mathbb{R}\), the cross-section \(\omega\) is also allowed to rotate with respect to a non-constant angle \(\theta(x_1)\) such that \(\dot\theta\) is compactly supported. The above-mentioned deformation defines the twisted tube \(\Omega_\theta\). The Dirichlet Laplacian \(-\Delta^{\Omega_\Theta}_D\) is defined in a standard way and \(E_1\) is the first eigenvalue of the Dirichlet Laplacian \(-\Delta^\omega_D\) in \(\omega\). The authors consider the diffusion equation in \(\Omega_\theta\) equipped with the Dirichlet conditions on \(\partial\Omega_\theta\) and \(u_0(x)\) is the initial datum; \(u(t,x)\) stands for the corresponding solution. The shifted semigroup \(S(t)= e^{(\Delta^{\Omega_\theta}_D+ E_1)t}\) is an operator acting from a subspace of \(L^2(\Omega_\theta)\) into \(L^2(\Omega_\theta)\). Then the asymptotic properties of \(S(t)\) are studied and the corresponding decay rate \(\Gamma(\Omega_\theta)\) is found. \(\Gamma(\Omega_\theta)={1\over 4}\) if \(\Omega_\theta\) is an untwisted tube and \(\Gamma(\Omega_\theta)\geq {3\over 4}\) if \(\Omega_\theta\) is twisted. This is the main result of the paper. For each \(\Gamma<\Gamma(\Omega_\theta)\) one can find such a constant \(C_\Gamma> 0\) that \[ \| u(t)\|_{L^2(\Omega_\theta)}\leq C_\Gamma(1+ t)^{-\Gamma} e^{-E_1t}\| u_0\|_{L^2(\Omega_\theta, K)} \] for every \(t\geq 0\) and any \(u_0\in L^2(\Omega_\theta, K)\). The subspace \(L^2(\Omega_\theta, K)\) of \(L^2(\Omega_\theta)\) has the weight \(K(x)= e^{{x^2_1\over y}}\). The power \({1\over 4}\) is optimal for untwisted tubes. Moreover, the authors propose a simpler proof of the following Hardy inequality: \(-\Delta^{\Omega_\theta}_D- E_1\geq \rho\), where the function \(\rho> 0\) in twisted tubes and \(\rho= 0\) in the untwisted tubes.