Note on \(H^1\) spaces related to degenerate Schrödinger operators (Q819238): Difference between revisions

Let \({\mathcal L}f(x)=-\frac1{w(x)}\sum_{i,j=1}^n \partial_i[a_{ij}\partial_jf](x)+V(x)f(x)\) be a degenerate Schrödinger operator on \({\mathbb R}^n\), where \((a_{ij})_{i,j=1}^n\) is a real symmetric matrix satisfying that there exists a constant \(C>0\) such that for all \(x\in {\mathbb R}^n\) and \(\xi\in {\mathbb C}^n\), \(C^{-1}w(x)| \xi| ^2\leq\sum _{i,j=1}^n a_{ij}(x)\xi_i\overline{\xi_j}\leq Cw(x)| \xi| ^2\). Here \(w\) is a nonnegative weight in the Muckenhoupt class \(A_2\) such that the measure \(d\,\mu(x)=w(x)\,dx\) on \({\mathbb R}^n\) satisfies both the doubling and reverse doubling conditions, namely, there exist constants \(C>0\) and \(2<\nu\leq\gamma\) such that for all \(t>1\) and \(x\in {\mathbb R}^n\), \(\mu(B(x,{tr}))\leq Ct^{\gamma}\mu(B(x,r))\) and \(t^{\nu}\mu(B(x,r))\leq C\mu(B(x,{ tr})),\) where \(B(x,r)\) is the ball with center at \(x\) and with radius \(r\). Moreover, the nonnegative potential \(V\) is supposed to satisfy the following reverse Hölder condition that for \(q>\gamma/2\) and any ball \(B(x,r)\), \[ \left\{\frac1{\mu(B(x,r))} \int_{B(x,r)}[V(y)]^qd\mu(y)\right\}^{1/q}\leq C \left\{\frac1{\mu(B(x,r))}\int_{B(x,r)}V(y)d\mu(y)\right\}. \] The operator \({-\mathcal L}\) generates a semigroup \(\{T_t\}_{t>0}\) of self-adjoint linear operators on \(L^2({\mathbb R}^n;d\mu)\). The corresponding maximal function is introduced as \( ({\mathcal M}f)(x)=\sup_{t>0}| (T_tf)(x)| \) and it was proved to be bounded on \(L^p({\mathbb R}^n;d\mu)\) for \(p\in(1,\infty)\) and of weak type \((1,1)\). The Hardy class \(H^1_{\mathcal L}\) is defined to be the set of all functions \(f\in L^1(d\,\mu)\) such that \(\| f\| _{H^1_{\mathcal L}}\equiv \| {\mathcal M}f\| _{L^1({\mathbb R}^n;d\mu)}<\infty.\) By first establishing some estimations on the kernels of the semigroup \(\{T_t\}_{t>0}\) and using the known theory of Hardy spaces on spaces of homogeneous type, the author then obtains a special atomic decomposition of the space \(H^1_{\mathcal L}\).