Asymptotic values and the growth of analytic functions in spiral domains (Q1325615): Difference between revisions

Let \(f\) be an analytic function in the open unit disk and let \(M(r)= M(r,f)= \sup_{| z|=r} | f(z)|\). The function \(f\) is said to be in the MacLane class \(\mathcal A\) if \(f\) has asymptotic values on a dense set in \(\partial D\). (A function \(f\) analytic in \(D\) has an asymptotic value \(\lambda\) at \(\zeta_ 0\in \partial D\) if there exists an arc \(\Gamma\) in \(D\) with one endpoint at \(\zeta_ 0\) such that \(f(z)\to \lambda\) as \(z\to \zeta_ 0\) along \(\Gamma\).) Hornblower, improving a result of MacLane, has shown that \(f\in {\mathcal A}\) whenever \[ \int^ 1_ 0 \log^ +\log^ + M(r)dr< \infty.\tag{*} \] Furthermore, he showed that for each \(\varepsilon>0\) there are functions not in \(\mathcal A\) for which \[ \log^ +\log^ + M(r)\leq {\varepsilon\over (1- r)\log{1\over 1-r}}. \] Here the authors first show that, for any nondecreasing function \(M(r)\) defined on \([0,1)\) with \(M(r)\geq e\), satisfying some mild regularity assumptions and for which the integral in (*) is infinite, there is a function \(f\) analytic in \(D\), which is not in \(\mathcal A\) and such that \(M(r,f)\leq M(r)\), \(0\leq r<1\). This is done using a composition of geometrically described conformal mappings and the function \(\exp(\exp(az))\) for suitable \(a>1\) to construct a function with no asymptotic values on \(\partial D\). This function has jump discontinuities along a curve in \(D\) which spirals out to \(\partial D\), so it is ``\(\overline\partial\) mollified'' to obtain a function which is analytic in \(D\) and which has the desired properties. The second result in the paper uses an idea of Dyn'kin to give a short proof of Hornblower's result that (*) implies that \(f\in{\mathcal A}\).