Finite \(p\)-groups of conjugate type \(\{1,p^{3}\}\) (Q1693066): Difference between revisions

A finite group \(G\) is said to be of conjugate type \((1 = n_0,n_1,\ldots,n_r )\), if \(n_0,n_1,\ldots,n_r \) are precisely the different sizes of conjugacy classes of \(G\). In [Nagoya Math. J., 6, 17--28 (1953; Zbl 0053.01202); Osaka J. Math. 7, 231--251 (1970; Zbl 0198.04305); Math. Z. 117, 267--271 (1970)], \textit{N. It}\(\hat{o}\) investigated the groups of conjugate types \((1,n)\), \((1,n_1,n_2)\) and \((1,n_1,n_2,n_3)\). In the first of these articles, he proved that a group of type \((1,n)\) is nilpotent and \(n = p^a\) for some prime \(p\). Moreover, a group of conjugate type \((1,p^a)\) is the direct product of a \(p\)-group of the same type and of an abelian group. In [Isr. J. Math. 129, 119--123 (2002; Zbl 1003.20022)], \textit{K. Ishikawa} proved that finite \(p\)-groups of conjugate type \((1,p^a)\) can have nilpotency class at most 3. In [J. Algebra 220, No. 1, 333--345 (1999; Zbl 0937.20011)], he classified \(p\)-groups of conjugate types \((1, p)\) and \((1, p^2)\) up to isoclinism. The concept of isoclinism of groups was defined by \textit{P. Hall} in [J. Reine Angew. Math. 182, 130--141 (1940; JFM 66.0081.01)]. Hall found that 1) if the finite \(p\)-groups \(G\) and \(H\) are isoclinic, then \(G\) and \(H\) are of the same conjugate type; 2) if \(G\) is a finite \(p\)-groups, then there exists a group \(H\) such that \(G\) and \(H\) are isoclinic and \(Z(H)\leq H'\). These facts play an important role in the study of finite \(p\)-groups of a given conjugate type. In the paper under review, the authors classify finite \(p\)-groups of conjugate type \((1, p^3)\) up to isoclinism and prove that such groups have nilpotency class 2. Here, one of the theorems of this article follows. Theorem 1.2. A finite \(p\)-group of conjugate type \((1, p^3)\), \(p>2\), is isoclinic to one of following groups: {\parindent=7mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)] a finite \(p\)-group \(G\) of nilpotency class 2 with commutator subgroup \(G'\) of order \(p^3\) and \(x^G=xG'\) for all \(x\notin G'\); \item[(ii)] the group \(G_3=\langle a_i,b_{i,j}\mid[a_i,a_j]=b_{i,j}, [a_k, b_{i,j}]=1,a_i^p=b_{i,j}^p=1, 1\leq i,j,k\leq4, i< j\rangle \); \item[(iii)] the quotient group \(G_3/M\), where \(M\) is a normal subgroup of \(G_3\) given by \(M=\langle[a_1, a_2][a_3, a_4]\rangle\) or \(M = \langle[a_1, a_2][a_3, a_4], [a_1, a_3][a_2, a_4]^t\rangle\), with \(t\) any fixed integer non-square modulo \(p\). \end{itemize}} For \(p=2\), the statement of the theorem is slightly more complicated than the previous one.