Higher Kac-Moody algebras and moduli spaces of \(G\)-bundles (Q1731567): Difference between revisions

There are at least two ways to construct affine Kac-Moody algebras, namely by their Cartan algebra giving a presentation by generators and relations, and as (an extension of) a central extension of the \textit{loop algebra}, i.e. the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}((t))=\mathfrak{g}\otimes_kk((t))$ for a finite dimensional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of a semisimple algebraic group $G$ over a field of characteristic zero $k$. This central extension is given by the Kac-Moody cocycle \[ c(x\otimes f,y\otimes g)=\kappa(x,y)\mathrm{Res}_0(f\partial g), \] where $\kappa$ is the Killing form of $\mathfrak{g}$. This theory is well-established and documented (see [\textit{V. G. Kac}, Infinite dimensional Lie algebras. 3rd ed. Cambridge etc.: Cambridge University Press (1990; Zbl 0716.17022)] and [\textit{R. V. Moody} and \textit{A. Pianzola}, Lie algebras with triangular decompositions. New York, NY: John Wiley \& Sons (1995; Zbl 0874.17026)]). \par In the present article, the authors generalize this theory to higher dimensions, i.e. instead of functions on the circle (corresponding to $k((t))$), they want to consider functions on higher dimensional manifolds/varieties. The main new feature of their approach is the systematic use of derived algebraic geometry. The functions on $D^{\circ}_n:=\widehat{\mathbb A}\setminus \{0\}$, i.e. a formal neighborhood of zero in the affine space ${\mathbb A}^n$, have the cohomology \[ H^p(D^{\circ}_n,{\mathcal O})=\begin{cases} k[[t_1,\ldots,t_n]] & \mathrm{if } p=0 \\ (t_1\ldots t_n)^{-1}k[t_1^{-1},\ldots,t_n^{-1}] & \text{if } p=n-1 \\ 0 & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} . \] This shows that in cohomology, one obtains (in degree $n-1$) the missing polar part. The idea from the derived point of view is to replace $k((t))$ by the complex $R\Gamma(D^{\circ}_n,{\mathcal O})$. The loop algebra $\mathfrak{g}((t))$ becomes then $\mathfrak{g}^\bullet_n:=R\Gamma(D^{\circ}_n,\mathfrak{g}\otimes{\mathcal O})$, the $n$th \textit{derived current algebra}. The Killing form will be replaced by an invariant polynomial $P\in S^{n+1}(\mathfrak{g}^*)^{\mathfrak g}$. The first main theorem reads then. \par Theorem 1. The functional $\gamma_P:(\mathfrak{g}^\bullet_n)^{\otimes(n+1)}\to k$ given by \[ \gamma_P(x_0\otimes f_0,\ldots,x_n\otimes f_n)=P(x_0,\ldots,x_n)\mathrm{Res}(f_0 df_1\wedge\ldots\wedge df_n) \] is of total degree $2$ and a cocycle defining a class in ${\mathbb H}_{\mathrm{Lie}}^2(\mathfrak{g}^\bullet_n)$. This class is non-zero for $\mathfrak{g}$ simple. \par Here ${\mathbb H}_{\mathrm{Lie}}^2(\mathfrak{g}^\bullet_n)$ is the total cohomology of the differential graded Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}^\bullet_n$, and $\mathrm{Res}$ is a certain residue normalized on the Bochner-Martinelli form $\Omega(z,z^*)$. \par In the classical setting, it is well-known that the central extension of the loop algebra plays a role in the construction of the determinant line bundle on the moduli space of $G$-bundles on curves, as principal $G$-bundles on a smooth projective curve $X$ may be glued from bundles on a formal disc and bundles on the complement by using a gluing function on the boundary of the disc with values in $G$ (Beauville-Lazlo construction), see for example [\textit{C. Sorger}, ICTP Lect. Notes 1, 1--57 (2000; Zbl 0989.14009)]. \par In the present article, the authors generalize the Beauville-Lazlo construction to the derived higher dimensional setting. Their second main theorem (Theorem 5.3.8 and Theorem 5.5.9) is the construction of an action of the differential graded Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}^\bullet_n$ on the derived moduli stack of $G$-bundles by changes of the local trivialization, the construction of a determinant line bundle on the moduli stack and an action of the extended dg Lie algebra on the determinant line bundle in parallel to the classical theory.