Complex spaces in Finsler, Lagrange and Hamilton geometries. (Q1886066): Difference between revisions

In 1996, maybe especially under the influence of the remarkable results of \textit{M. Abate} and \textit{G. Patrizio} [Finsler metrics - a global approach. With applications to geometric function theory. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 1591. Berlin: Springer-Verlag (1994; Zbl 0837.53001)], \textit{S. S. Chern} noted [Notices Am. Math. Soc. 43, No. 9, 959--963 (1996; Zbl 1044.53512)]: ``It is possible that Finsler geometry will be most useful in complex domain\dots Complex Finsler geometry is extremely beautiful''. In spite of this optimist prediction, the complex Finsler geometry does not attract too many geometers yet. One reason could be that we have in this geometry a few (but significant) number of complex Finsler metrics, namely Kobayashi and Caratheodory pseudo-metrics. The homogeneity condition of the fundamental function of a complex Finsler space is one restriction and reduces the number of handleable examples of such metrics. By weakening the requirements of the definition of complex Finsler metrics, the complex Lagrange geometry is obtained, a concept introduced initially in the last period by Gh. Munteanu. Bearing in mind the Lagrangian-Hamiltonian dualism of classical mechanics, the author developes a similar theory on the holomorphic cotangent bundle, obtaining the complex Hamilton geometry (particularly the complex Cartan geometry). Certainly, these generalizations of complex Finsler spaces lose a significant element, i.e. the arc length of curve and everything that results from this. It is also certain that these geometries win applications, being models for many theories from physics, quantum mechanics, etc. The study of such geometries is the main topic of this book. Of course, the book does not lack introductory notions and concepts from classical complex geometry, which makes it accessible for a large number of readers. The book has seven chapters. The first two chapters are standard for a survey in complex geometry: complex and almost complex manifolds, Hermitian and Kählerian metrics, complex and holomorphic vector bundles, Chern classes, Einstein-Hermitian vector bundles. The supporting space for the complex Lagrange geometry, particularly for the complex Finsler geometry, is the holomorphic tangent bundle, \(T'M\), of a complex manifold. A study of the main geometrical structures on this holomorphic bundle is the subject of the third chapter. The notion of complex nonlinear connection is analyzed together with that of complex spray. A special class of derivative rules which preserve the distributions is formed by the \(N\)-complex linear connection for which a special study is provided. When a Hermitian metrical structure is considered, a connection named canonical, plays a special role. If the Hermitian structure on \(T'M\) is deduced from a complex Finsler metric, the notion of the complex Finsler space is studied, which is the subject of the chapter 4. Following the ideas of the preceding chapter, a study of the Chern-Finsler connection and its problems is made. The topic of complex geodesics is taken over in a synthesis after Abate and Patrizio. In this study of complex Finsler spaces some recent contributions of the author and his partners are added. Chapter 5 is entirely dedicated to the study of complex Lagrange spaces. The existence of a complex nonlinear connection which maintains a large part of the properties of the Chern-Finsler connection is proven, named the Chern-Lagrange c.n.c. The importance of the study is sustained by few examples: the relativistic model of complex electrodynamics, generalized Klein-Gordon equations and other applications of generalized complex Lagrange spaces. In the geometry of subspaces of a complex Finsler space, or more generally of a complex Lagrange space, an interesting class is analyzed: the holomorphic subspaces. The results are surprising and offer a large perspective: the tangent connection on the holomorphic subspace induced by the Chern-Lagrange (Finsler) connection of the ambient space is exactly the Chern-Lagrange (Finsler) connection of the subspace. Chapter 6 deals with the geometry of complex Hamilton and Cartan spaces. The geometrical base of these geometries is the dual holomorphic bundle \(T'{^*}M\), for which results the same steps as in the study of the bundle \(T'M\): complex nonlinear connections on \(T'{^*}M\), \(N\)-linear connections on \(T'{^*}M\) and Hermitian metrical structures on \(T'{^*}M\). If the Hermitian metrical structure is derived from a complex regular Hamiltonian, the concept of the complex Hamilton space is obtained. A complex nonlinear connection, intrinsically related to complex Hamiltonian functions and named the Chern-Hamilton nonlinear connection, is deduced, in relation to which an \(N\)-canonical metrical connection and a metrical connection of the \((1,0)\)-type is found. In the special case when the complex Hamiltonian is homogeneous, the concept of a complex Cartan space is obtained, a notion which coincides with that of the complex Finsler-Hamiltonian space described by \textit{J. Faran}, [Finsler geometry. Joint summer research conference, July 16--20, 1995, Seattle, WA, USA. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society. Contemp. Math. 196, 133--144 (1996; Zbl 0862.53021)]. The main example of such a space is supplied by dual metric of Kobayashi. By \({\mathcal L}\)-duality (the complex Legendre transformation) is proven that the \({\mathcal L}\)-dual of a complex Finsler space is, at least locally, a complex Cartan space and, particularly, the \({\mathcal L}\)-dual of the Kobayashi metric, in case of existence of complex geodesics, exactly the Kobayashi dual metric. A separate section deals with holomorphic subspaces of a complex Hamilton space. The last chapter is a brief approach to the problems of Finsler complex bundles, a topic which is tackled in several works by T. Aikou during the last years. The book is written in the spirit of the Romanian school of Finsler and Lagrange geometries (see R. Miron, M. Anastasiei, Gh. Atanasiu). The notions and proofs are presented in detail and give interesting ideas for further studies: classes of complex Finsler spaces with holomorphic sectional and bisectional constant curvatures, applications to complex field theory, local and global problems in complex Lagrange geometry, Chern classes and vanishing theorems, etc.