Universal Taylor series and summability (Q2256775): Difference between revisions

Let \(A = (a_{n,k})\) be an infinite triangular matrix, i.\,e., \(a_{n,k}=0\) for \(k > n\), \(\Omega \subsetneq \mathbb{C}\) be a simply connected domain, \(\zeta \in \Omega\), and \(\varphi : (0,+\infty) \to (0,+\infty)\) be a weight function, i.\,e., strictly increasing, continuous, and \(\varphi(x) \to +\infty\), \(\varphi(x)/x \to 0\), as \(x \to +\infty\).\newline A holomorphic function \(f\) on \(\Omega\), for short \(f \in H(\Omega)\), belongs to the class \({\mathcal U}_A^{(\varphi)}(\Omega,\zeta)\) if the partial sums \[ S_N(f,\zeta) = \sum_{k=0}^n \frac{f^{(k)}(\zeta)}{k!} (z-\zeta)^k \] of the Taylor series expansion of \(f\) about \(\zeta\), respectively the \(A\)-transform \[ \sigma_{A,n}(f,\zeta) := \sum_{k=0}^n a_{n,k} S_k(f,\zeta), \] satisfy the following conditions: For every compact set \(K \subset \Omega^c\) with connected complement and for every function \(h\) continuous on \(K\) and holomorphic in the interior of \(K\), there exist sequences \((p_m)\) and \((q_m)\) of natural numbers such that, for every compact set \(L \subset \Omega\) {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize} \item[(1)] \(\sup_{z \in K} |\sigma_{A,q_m}(f,\zeta)(z) - h(z)| \to 0\), as \(m \to +\infty\),\item [(2)] \(\sup_{z \in L} |S_{p_m}(f,\zeta)(z) - f(z)| \to 0\), as \(m \to +\infty\),\item [(3)] \(S(f,\zeta)(z)\) has Ostrowski gaps \((p_m,q_m)\) with respect to \(\varphi\), that is \(p_m < \varphi(q_m) < q_m \leq p_{m+1}\), \(m \in \mathbb{N}\), and for \(I = \bigcup_{m \in \mathbb{N}} \{ p_m + 1, \dots, q_m \}\), we have \(\lim_{I \ni \nu \to +\infty} |a_\nu|^{1/\nu} = 0\). \end{itemize}} Replacing \(\sigma_{A,q_m}\) by \(S_{p_m}\) in (1), this class of ``universal Taylor series with large Ostrowski gaps'' is simply denoted by \({\mathcal U}^{(\varphi)}(\Omega,\zeta)\) and the authors first prove that \({\mathcal U}^{(\varphi)}(\Omega,\zeta)\) is a \(G_\delta\)-dense subset of \(H(\Omega)\) endowed with the topology of uniform convergence on compact sets, and contains both a dense vector subspace and a closed infinite dimensional subspace, except 0. Moreover, the images of these classes of universal Taylor series under some regular matrix summability methods are automatically universal. In particular, they show \({\mathcal U}^{(\varphi)}(\Omega,\zeta) = {\mathcal U}_A^{(\varphi)}(\Omega,\zeta)\) if \(A\) is regular and satisfies that, for every \(C > 0\), we have \[ \sup_{0 \leq k \leq \varphi(n)} |a_{n,k}| C^{\varphi(n)} \to 0, \;\text{ as } n \to +\infty. \] This result can be applied to Cesàro \((C,k)\)-means or logarithmic Riesz means.