Multiplicity of positive radial solutions of singular Minkowski-curvature equations (Q2274011): Difference between revisions

This paper is about a boundary value problem (BVP) of the form \[ \begin{cases} \mathcal{M}(v)+f(|x|,v)=0\; & \text{ in }\;\mathcal{B},\\ v=0 & \text{ on }\;\partial\mathcal{B}, \end{cases}\eqno{(1)} \] where \(\mathcal{M}(v)=\operatorname{div}\Bigl(\frac{\nabla v}{\sqrt{1-|\nabla v|^2}}\Bigr)\) is the mean curvature operator in the Minkowski space, and \(f\in C([0,1]\times[0,1), [0,+\infty))\) may be singular at \(v=1\). In fact, investigating the existence of radial solutions \({u(r)=v(x), r=|x|,}\) of this problem, the authors impose conditions on the BVP \[ \begin{cases} (r^{N-1}\varphi(u'))'+r^{N-1}f(r,u)=0,\;r\in(0,1),\\ u'(0)=0,\;u(1)=0, \end{cases} \] where \(\varphi(s)=\frac{s}{\sqrt{1-s^2}}, s\in(-1,1)\). Under the assumption that there exist positive constants \(\sigma, a, b\) and \(d\) such that \(0<\sigma<0.5, 0<a<b\leq\sigma d<d<1\), \[ f(r,u)\leq N\varphi(a)\;\text{for}\;(r,u)\in[0,1]\times[0, a], \] \[ f(r,u)\leq N\varphi(d)\;\text{for}\;(r,u)\in[0,1]\times[0, d], \] \[ f(r,u)\geq N\beta\varphi(b/\sigma)\;\text{for}\;(r,u)\in[0,1]\times[b, b/\sigma],\;\text{with}\;\beta=\frac{(1-\sigma)^{N-1}}{(1-\sigma)^N-\sigma^N}, \] the main result asserts that BVP (1) has at least three positive radial solutions \(u_1, u_2, u_3\) in a suitable cone \(\overline{K}_d\) in \(C[0,1]\) such that \[ ||u_1||<a,\;\min_{\sigma\leq r\leq1-\sigma}u_2(r)>b,\;||u_3||>a,\;\min_{\sigma\leq r\leq1-\sigma}u_3(r)<b. \] Another result guarantees at least \(2n-1\) positive radial solutions to (1) under the assumption that there are positive constants \(0<\sigma<0.5\), \(0<a_1<b_1\leq\sigma d_1<d_1<a_2<b_2\leq\sigma d_2<d_2<\dots<a_{n-1}<b_{n-1}\leq\sigma d_{n-1}<d_{n-1}<1, \;n=2,3,\dots\), \[ f(r,u)\leq N\varphi(a_i)\;\text{for}\;(r,u)\in[0,1]\times[0, a_i],\;1\leq i\leq n-1, \] \[ f(r,u)\leq N\varphi(d_i)\;\text{for}\;(r,u)\in[0,1]\times[0, d_i],\;1\leq i\leq n-1, \] \[ f(r,u)\geq N\beta\varphi(b_i/\sigma)\;\text{for}\;(r,u)\in[0,1]\times[b_i, b_i/\sigma],\;1\leq i\leq n-1. \] The proofs rely on the Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem.