Seshadri constants and special configurations of points in the projective plane (Q2315288): Difference between revisions

The paper concerns Seshadri constants of points on \(\mathbb{P}^2\) in special positions, given by some configurations. Let us recall that for a projective variety \(X\) of dimension \( n\) and \(L\), a nef line bundle on \(X\), the multi-point Seshadri constant of \(L\) at \(r\geq 1\) points \(x_{1}, \dots, x_{r} \in X\) is defined as \(\varepsilon(X,L;\, x_{1}, \dots, x_{r}) = \inf_{\{x_{1},\dots,x_{r}\} \cap C \neq \emptyset} \frac{L\cdot C}{\sum_{i=1}^{r} \mathrm{mult}_{x_{i}}C},\) where the infimum is taken over all irreducible and reduced curves \(C\) on \(X\). As a tool to deal with the Seshadri constants in case the points are not in a (very) general position the author proves some Xu-type lemmata, where the assumption of general position is not needed. Namely, he proves that for curves passing through all given points with multiplicities greater than or equal to \(2\) the following inequalities hold: If \(C \subset \mathbb{P}^{2}\) is an irreducible and reduced curve of degree \(d \geq 4\) having singular points \(p_{1}, \dots,p_{s}\), then \(d^{2} - \sum_{i=1}^{s}m_{i}^{2} > \frac{3}{2}( d - \sum_{i=1}^{s} m_{i}).\) If \(C\) is an irreducible and reduced plane curve in the projective plane of degree \(\deg C \geq 3\) having singular points \(p_{1}, \dots, p_{s}\), then \(C^{2} = d^{2} > \sum_{i=1}^{s} m_{i}(m_{i}-\frac{3}{2}) + \frac{3}{2} \mathrm{gon}(C),\) where \( \mathrm{gon}(C)\) is the gonality of \(C\). If \(C\) is an irreducible and reduced plane curve in the projective plane of degree \(\deg C \geq 3\) having singular points \(p_{1}, \dots, p_{s}\), then \( C^{2} = d^{2} \geq \sum_{i=1}^{s} m_{i}(m_{i}-1) + \mathrm{gon}(C). \) If \(C\) is an irreducible and reduced plane curve in the projective plane of degree \(\deg C \geq 3\) having singular points \(p_{1}, \dots, p_{s}\) and \(o \in\mathrm{Sing}(C)\), then \(C^{2} = d^{2} \geq m_{o} + \sum_{i=1}^{s} (m_{i}-1)^{2} + 2(\mathrm{gon}(C) - 1).\) Then the author considers special configuration of points in the projective plane. He asks the following interesting question: Let \(\mathcal{L} \subset \mathbb{P}^{2}\) be a line arrangement. Denote by \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{L})\) the singular locus of \(\mathcal{L}\). For a given line \(\ell \in \mathcal{L}\) we denote by \(s(\ell)\) the number of singular points from \(\mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{L})\) contained in \(\ell\) and by \(s(\mathcal{L}) = \max_{\ell \in \mathcal{L}} s(\ell)\). Is it then true that \(\varepsilon(\mathbb{P}^{2}, \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{P}^{2}}(1); \, \mathrm{Sing}(\mathcal{L})) = \frac{1}{s(\mathcal{L})} \, ?\) The author answers this question positively in case of arrangements satisfying so called Hirzebruch property (\(\mathcal{L}\) satisfies Hirzebruch's property if the number of lines is equal to \(3n\) for some \(n \in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}\) and each line from \(\mathcal{L}\) intersects others at exactly \(n+1\) points) and having singular points of multiplicities strictly greater than two (e.g., Klein and Wiman arrangements). He also computes Seshadri constants (equal to \(\frac{1}{s(\mathcal{L})} \)) for four real line arrangements satisfying Hirzebruch property, for star configuration of lines and for a quasipencil (i.e. a configuration of \(d\) lines with one point of multiplicity \(d-1\) and \(d-1\) double points). The author computes also the Seshadri constant for singular points of a (reduced and irreducible) Severi curve (the curve with maximal number of nodes and no other singularities) of degree \(d\geq 6\), the value of the constant is \(\frac{d}{(d-1)(d-2)}.\) He shows also an example of a configuration (from Ivinskis' Diplomarbeit) with \(9k^2\) singular points which has the same value of Seshadri constant as \(9k^2\) general points.